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RNA-binding proteins and posttranscriptional coordination of gene expression Gene expression must be tightly controlled to ensure coordinated synthesis of the cells’ macromolecular components. Besides transcriptional control, it has become evident that also the later post-transcriptional steps – namely the processing, transport, turnover and translation of mRNAs – are pivotal for the diversification and spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Hundreds of RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs mediate post-transcriptional control with widespread implications in cell physiology and disease. Nevertheless, the targets and functions for most RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs are still not known. We have been combining genome-wide analysis with classical biochemical and genetic tools to identify the RNA targets of RNA-binding proteins and to investigate post-transcriptional gene regulation on a global scale. Importantly, these studies revealed that RNA-binding proteins bind to and coordinate groups of mRNAs that code for proteins, which are localized to the same subcellular compartment, act in the same pathway or are components of macromolecular complexes, forming so-called RNA regulons. Moreover, these set of RNAs often bear conserved sequence/ structural elements that likely represent binding sites for RNA-binding proteins. These findings suggested the presence of a highly-organized and elaborate post-transcriptional regulatory system that may affect virtually every mRNA in a cell. We are further exploring the post-transcriptional regulatory landscape. On the one hand, we study specific RNA-binding proteins that coordinate the localization, decay or translation of mRNAs in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, we characterize the translatome – which refers to all mRNAs that are associated with ribosomes for protein synthesis (Halbeisen et al. 2009) – and we monitor its reaction upon stress or drug treatment of cells and in pathological conditions. We primarily use budding yeast as model to establish new techniques and to elucidate principles of post-transcriptional control, and we work with mammalian cells to unravel implications in disease. Reviews: King, H.A., Gerber, A.P. (2016) Translatome profiling: methods for genome-scale analysis of mRNA translation. Brief. Funct. Genomics, 15(1), xxx Iadevaia, V., Gerber, A.P. (2015) Combinatorial Control of mRNA Fates by RNA-Binding Proteins and Non-Coding RNAs. Biomolecules, 5(4), 2207-22. doi:10.3390/biom5042207 Imig, J, Kanitz, A, Gerber, AP (2012) RNA regulons and the RNA-protein interaction network. BioMol. Concepts, 3, 403-417. Kanitz, A, Gerber, AP (2010) Circuitry of mRNA regulation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 2, 245-251. Different proteins assemble on a given message to form an mRNP, the composition of which changes dynamically, depending on the cellular context. The combinatorial control of associated regulatory, scaffolding and accessory proteins ultimately determines the mRNA fate ("mRNP code").