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| [["Sponsors" | <font face="trebuchet ms" style="color:#FFFFFF" size="4">'''Sponsors''' </font>]] | | [["Sponsors" | <font face="trebuchet ms" style="color:#FFFFFF" size="4">'''Sponsors''' </font>]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| [[Image:MARIMOD.png|750px]]
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| <div style="padding: 10px; color: #3ca83c; background-color: #3ca83c; width: 730px">
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| <center>
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|
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| <font face="trebuchet ms" style="color:#FFFFFF" size="5">'''Welcome to HOKKAIDO-U MARIMOD page'''</font><br></center>
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| </div>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Background</font>===
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| ----
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| <p>
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| Biomolecular motor system such as microtubule-kinesin is an example of smallest natural machine <br>
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| that can convert chemical energy obtained from ATP into mechanical work with high efficiency and<br>
| |
| specific power. Nowadays microtubule-kinesin system, one of the biomolecular motor system, is being<br>
| |
| used as a building block for constructing micro-actuators and driving unit of the biodevices. Kinesin<br>
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| converts chemical energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules into directed, stepwise motion <br>
| |
| along microtubule.</p>
| |
| [[Image:Motility_assay.png| 600px ]]
| |
| <p>
| |
| Our experimental system is the assembly of biotinylated microtubules cross-linked <br>
| |
| through the interaction of streptavidin via active transport on a kinesin-coated surface.This process <br>
| |
| is called dynamic self-organization and has been drawing much attention to integrate highly organized <br>
| |
| microtubule assemblies.<br>
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| Ring-shaped microtubule assemblies have been demonstrated to obtain through dynamic self-organization.<br>
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| Considering the advantage of its geometry and handedness, they have appeared to be a promising tool<br>
| |
| to harness continuous rotational motion without changing the position of its mass center.</p>
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| [[Image:DSA.png| 580px]]
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|
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|
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|
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|
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| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Problem</font>===
| |
| ----
| |
| <p>
| |
| Although ring-shaped microtubules possess immense potential with respect to their prospective <br>
| |
| application in nanotechnology, several barriers needed to be surmounted yet as listed below.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.1</font>====
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|
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| [[Image:Problem_1.png| 415px]]<br>
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| In a closed system, consumption of energy spoils the potential activity of ring-shaped <br>
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| microtubules. Supply of energy through ATP hydrolysis is a prerequisite to keep the ring-shaped<br>
| |
| microtubules working continuously. Development of a system to provide energy continuously is <br>
| |
| highly desired.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.2</font><br>====
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|
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| [[Image:Problem_2.png| 380px]]<br>
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| It is still unknown how much power we can harness from the rotational motion of the ring-shaped<br>
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| microtubules. Once known, the power could be designed to use further in an appropriate way.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.3</font><br>====
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|
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| [[Image:Problem_3.png| 370px]]<br>
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| No system has been developed yet that can work by transmitting the power harnessed from<br>
| |
| ring-shaped microtubules. This drawback is preventing integration or amplification of the power<br>
| |
| of smallest natural machines.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
|
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| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Solution</font>===
| |
| ----
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 1</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_1.png| 500px]]<br>
| |
| Ring-shaped microtubules are driven by kinesin where the energy comes from the hydrolysis<br>
| |
| of ATP to ADP. A system that can use the ADP to reproduce ATP allow us to keep the ring-shaped<br>
| |
| microtubules working continuously. To develop such a system, we synthesize micro gels <br>
| |
| which contain F1/F0- ATPase together with photosystems. This gel is termed as “Marimo-Gel”.<br>
| |
| The Marimo-Gel converts ADP to ATP by utilizing the energy from light.
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 2</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_2.png|500px]]<br>
| |
| Optical tweezers are powerful tool to measure force as small as pico- to nano- newton (''N''). Use of <br>
| |
| optical tweezers allows us to know the force generated from the rotational motion of ring-shaped <br>
| |
| microtubules. To detect the force we attach a polystyrene bead (～5 µm) to the top surface of the <br>
| |
| ring-shaped microtubule via biotin-streptavidin interaction. After capturing the bead by optical tweezers <br>
| |
| we determine the force of the ring-shaped microtubules from the displacement of the bead during<br>
| |
| the rotational motion.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 3</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_3.png| 480px]]<br><br>
| |
| To harness the power of rotating ring-shaped microtubules we prepare micrometer-sized synthetic gear.<br>
| |
| With the help of optical tweezers the synthetic gear is placed on the ring-shaped microtubule assemblies.<br>
| |
| For fixing the gear firmly with the rings a specific streptavidin-biotin interaction could be used. By<br>
| |
| arranging ring-shaped microtubules and gears properly we can amplify the power which then can be used for<br>
| |
| doing further work.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png|18px]]Advance<br>Solution 1+Solution 2+Solution 3</font>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_advanced.png|500px]]<br>
| |
| Solutions discussed above collectively will have a big impact in making practical use of motor protein <br>
| |
| based biodevices.
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Background</font>===
| |
| ----
| |
| <p>
| |
| Biomolecular motor system such as microtubule-kinesin is an example of smallest natural machine <br>
| |
| that can convert chemical energy obtained from ATP into mechanical work with high efficiency and<br>
| |
| specific power. Nowadays microtubule-kinesin system, one of the biomolecular motor system, is being<br>
| |
| used as a building block for constructing micro-actuators and driving unit of the biodevices. Kinesin<br>
| |
| converts chemical energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules into directed, stepwise motion <br>
| |
| along microtubule.</p>
| |
| [[Image:Motility_assay.png| 600px ]]
| |
| <p>
| |
| Our experimental system is the assembly of biotinylated microtubules cross-linked <br>
| |
| through the interaction of streptavidin via active transport on a kinesin-coated surface.This process <br>
| |
| is called dynamic self-organization and has been drawing much attention to integrate highly organized <br>
| |
| microtubule assemblies.<br>
| |
| Ring-shaped microtubule assemblies have been demonstrated to obtain through dynamic self-organization.<br>
| |
| Considering the advantage of its geometry and handedness, they have appeared to be a promising tool<br>
| |
| to harness continuous rotational motion without changing the position of its mass center.</p>
| |
| [[Image:DSA.png| 580px]]
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Problem</font>===
| |
| ----
| |
| <p>
| |
| Although ring-shaped microtubules possess immense potential with respect to their prospective <br>
| |
| application in nanotechnology, several barriers needed to be surmounted yet as listed below.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.1</font>====
| |
|
| |
| [[Image:Problem_1.png| 415px]]<br>
| |
| In a closed system, consumption of energy spoils the potential activity of ring-shaped <br>
| |
| microtubules. Supply of energy through ATP hydrolysis is a prerequisite to keep the ring-shaped<br>
| |
| microtubules working continuously. Development of a system to provide energy continuously is <br>
| |
| highly desired.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.2</font><br>====
| |
|
| |
| [[Image:Problem_2.png| 380px]]<br>
| |
| It is still unknown how much power we can harness from the rotational motion of the ring-shaped<br>
| |
| microtubules. Once known, the power could be designed to use further in an appropriate way.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="3">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]No.3</font><br>====
| |
|
| |
| [[Image:Problem_3.png| 370px]]<br>
| |
| No system has been developed yet that can work by transmitting the power harnessed from<br>
| |
| ring-shaped microtubules. This drawback is preventing integration or amplification of the power<br>
| |
| of smallest natural machines.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ===[[Image:大見出し.png| 25px]] <font size="5">Solution</font>===
| |
| ----
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 1</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_1.png| 500px]]<br>
| |
| Ring-shaped microtubules are driven by kinesin where the energy comes from the hydrolysis<br>
| |
| of ATP to ADP. A system that can use the ADP to reproduce ATP allow us to keep the ring-shaped<br>
| |
| microtubules working continuously. To develop such a system, we synthesize micro gels <br>
| |
| which contain F1/F0- ATPase together with photosystems. This gel is termed as “Marimo-Gel”.<br>
| |
| The Marimo-Gel converts ADP to ATP by utilizing the energy from light.
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 2</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_2.png|500px]]<br>
| |
| Optical tweezers are powerful tool to measure force as small as pico- to nano- newton (''N''). Use of <br>
| |
| optical tweezers allows us to know the force generated from the rotational motion of ring-shaped <br>
| |
| microtubules. To detect the force we attach a polystyrene bead (～5 µm) to the top surface of the <br>
| |
| ring-shaped microtubule via biotin-streptavidin interaction. After capturing the bead by optical tweezers <br>
| |
| we determine the force of the ring-shaped microtubules from the displacement of the bead during<br>
| |
| the rotational motion.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png| 18px]]Solution for the problem 3</font><br>====
| |
| [[Image:Solution_3.png| 480px]]<br><br>
| |
| To harness the power of rotating ring-shaped microtubules we prepare micrometer-sized synthetic gear.<br>
| |
| With the help of optical tweezers the synthetic gear is placed on the ring-shaped microtubule assemblies.<br>
| |
| For fixing the gear firmly with the rings a specific streptavidin-biotin interaction could be used. By<br>
| |
| arranging ring-shaped microtubules and gears properly we can amplify the power which then can be used for<br>
| |
| doing further work.<br>
| |
| </p>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| <p>
| |
| ====<font size="4">[[Image:小見出し.png|18px]]Advance<br>Solution 1+Solution 2+Solution 3</font>====
| |
| [[Image:Advance2.png|500px]]<br>
| |
| Solutions discussed above collectively will have a big impact in making practical use of motor protein <br>
| |
| based biodevices.
| |
| </p>
| |
