1 normal acid or base (1N)
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Current revision (17:05, 27 February 2012) (view source) (→1N, 2N HCl) |
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| - | Biologists are sometimes confused by the non-standard[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html] chemical unit of '''normality N'''. N refers in general to salts while it's most commonly used in the context of acid and bases. | + | Biologists are sometimes confused by the non-standard[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html] chemical unit of '''normality N'''. N refers in general to salts while it's most commonly used in the context of acid and bases. N can refere to either the cation or the anion in a hydrolysis. In the context of acid and bases it is generally assumed that N refers to the proton or the hydroxide ion. |
* 1 M (mol/l) = 1 N for an acid that releases 1 proton* when dissolved in water, e.g. HCL (*monoprotic) | * 1 M (mol/l) = 1 N for an acid that releases 1 proton* when dissolved in water, e.g. HCL (*monoprotic) | ||
* 1 M (mol/l) = ''2'' N for an acid that releases 2 protons*, e.g. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (*diprotic) | * 1 M (mol/l) = ''2'' N for an acid that releases 2 protons*, e.g. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (*diprotic) | ||
| - | + | For example, some antigen retrieval methods use 2N hydrochloric acid to open up the tissue to allow antibody binding. This could be a nucleotide analogue, as BrdU or dUTP-TMR in cell proliferation of apoptosis assays. | |
| + | |||
| + | {| {{table}} OR border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 OR {{sorttable}} | ||
| + | ! style="background:lightgrey"|acid/case | ||
| + | ! style="background:lightgrey"|molecular weight | ||
| + | ! style="background:lightgrey"|N vs M | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | HCl -> <font color=blue>1·H<sup>+</sup></font> + Cl<sup>-</sup> | ||
| + | | 36.5 g/mol | ||
| + | | 1N = 1M = 36.5g/L | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> -> <font color=blue>2·H<sup>+</sup></font> + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> | ||
| + | | 98 g/mol | ||
| + | | 2N = 1M = 98g/L | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | NaOH -> Na<sup>+</sup> + <font color=blue>1·OH<sup>-</sup></font> | ||
| + | | 40 g/mol | ||
| + | | 1N = 1M = 40g/L | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == 1N, 2N HCl == | ||
| + | 1N HCl | ||
| + | * 8.3 ml fuming HCl (37% v/v = ~12N = ~12M) | ||
| + | * 91.7 ml H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2N HCl, see also [http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/epitope_retrieval/hcl.htm] | ||
| + | * 16.5 ml fuming HCl (37% v/v = ~12N = ~12M) | ||
| + | * 83.5 ml H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Molarity (M) also a non-standard unit == | ||
| + | |||
| + | For the nitpickers, ''molarity M'' is also a non-standard unit[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html]. Expressing this explicitly as mol/L or mol/m<sup>3</sup> is clearer to readers less versed in current biological customs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration#Normality Normality section of Concentration page at the Wikipedia] | ||
| + | * [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html International standard units, SI units] | ||
| + | * [http://www.histosearch.com/histonet/Dec03A/RE.HistonetnormalsolutionA.html Example student question & answer] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Chemical]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Material]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Acid]] | ||
Current revision
Biologists are sometimes confused by the non-standard[1] chemical unit of normality N. N refers in general to salts while it's most commonly used in the context of acid and bases. N can refere to either the cation or the anion in a hydrolysis. In the context of acid and bases it is generally assumed that N refers to the proton or the hydroxide ion.
- 1 M (mol/l) = 1 N for an acid that releases 1 proton* when dissolved in water, e.g. HCL (*monoprotic)
- 1 M (mol/l) = 2 N for an acid that releases 2 protons*, e.g. H2SO4 (*diprotic)
For example, some antigen retrieval methods use 2N hydrochloric acid to open up the tissue to allow antibody binding. This could be a nucleotide analogue, as BrdU or dUTP-TMR in cell proliferation of apoptosis assays.
| acid/case | molecular weight | N vs M |
|---|---|---|
| HCl -> 1·H+ + Cl- | 36.5 g/mol | 1N = 1M = 36.5g/L |
| H2SO4 -> 2·H+ + SO42- | 98 g/mol | 2N = 1M = 98g/L |
| NaOH -> Na+ + 1·OH- | 40 g/mol | 1N = 1M = 40g/L |
1N, 2N HCl
1N HCl
- 8.3 ml fuming HCl (37% v/v = ~12N = ~12M)
- 91.7 ml H2O
2N HCl, see also [2]
- 16.5 ml fuming HCl (37% v/v = ~12N = ~12M)
- 83.5 ml H2O
Molarity (M) also a non-standard unit
For the nitpickers, molarity M is also a non-standard unit[3]. Expressing this explicitly as mol/L or mol/m3 is clearer to readers less versed in current biological customs.
