ABE 495 Honors Synthetic Life: Historical Timeline

Timeline of Biological Tinkering

1877 - Characterization of Antibiotic Activity, Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch Chicago Journals
1869 - Miescher. discovers DNA/nucleic acids (need ref)
1907 - First in vivo? culture of animal cells? (figure out and add reference)
1946 - J. Craig Venter is born (need Reference).
1970 - Isolation of First Restriction Enzyme, HindII - Nobel Prize to Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber, Hamilton O. PNAS Reference
1973 - First genetically engineered bacteria PNAS Reference
1974 - First genetically engineered mice PNAS Reference
1976 - Founding of Genentech Biotechnology Company Nature ref
1977 - First complete genome sequenced. virus. (need REF)
1978 - First successful birth by means of in vitro fertilization (Great Britain) New York Times Article
1983 - Invention of Polymerase Chain Reaction by Kary Mullis, Michael Smith - Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 Springer Protocol
1987 - First conviction based DNA evidence (need ref)
1995 - First bacterial genome sequenced (need ref)
1996 - Dolly is born. (expand and give reference)
2002 - First brain/computer interface tested. Monkeys able to move ball around on screen through implanted electrodes. Science Daily Article
2002 - Reconstitution of polio virus (need reference)
2003 - Inauguration of International Genetically Engineered Machine competition in Synthetic Biology at MIT iGEM Website
2003 - Human genome declared finished (need reference)
2010 - Venter Institute creates and publishes synthetic genome Science Mag Reference

Things we need to add: - US Bioethics Report Issued on Synthetic Biology - discovery of mendelian genetics - DNA/ nucleic acids discovered - DNA structure and information coding watson/crick etc. - key genomes discovered? - similarity between human and other primates demonstrated? - Pasteur discover antibiotics - Hela cells -