BME103:W930 Group4: Difference between revisions
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'''The Original Design'''<br> | '''The Original Design'''<br> | ||
[[Image:OpenPCR_machine.png]] | [[Image:OpenPCR_machine.png]] | ||
The Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) machine essentially tests sequences of DNA for variations in nucleotides. This simple device is portable, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive. | The Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) machine essentially tests sequences of DNA for variations in nucleotides. This simple device is portable, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive. The LCD provides information on what step of the reaction is currently taking place. The heating lid heats up the samples contained within the sample holder, allowing the reaction to occur. The circuit board allows the fan, the heater, and the LCD screen to all run efficiently by connecting their wires to a central area. The PCR Machine is able to test up to 16 samples of DNA at a time and can be connected to a computer for ease of use. The machine heats up DNA samples so the samples disassociate allowing a primer to connect to the sequences of DNA and then the machine cools the DNA samples down with the primer in place. | ||
'''Experimenting With the Connections'''<br> | '''Experimenting With the Connections'''<br> |
Revision as of 22:58, 13 November 2012
BME 103 Fall 2012 | Home People Lab Write-Up 1 Lab Write-Up 2 Lab Write-Up 3 Course Logistics For Instructors Photos Wiki Editing Help | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OUR TEAMLAB 1 WRITE-UP(Please finish by 11/7/2012) Initial Machine TestingThe Original Design Experimenting With the Connections When the mounting plate was unplugged from the circuit board, the machine the LCD light and the menu on the PCR machine shut off. When the white wire that connects the circuit board to the sample holder was unplugged, the temperature on the menu on the PCR machine dropped from room temperature to -40.0 degrees Celsius. The conclusion is that the white wire was the temperature sensor wire.
ProtocolsPolymerase Chain Reaction The Polymerase Chain Reaction works by amplifying DNA through the use of a PCR machine and therefore producing a multitude of copies of DNA sequences. These copies can then be further studied to diagnose hereditary and infectious diseases, such as cancer and HIV.
Research and DevelopmentSpecific Cancer Marker Detection - The Underlying Technology What is the function of each component of a PCR reaction? Template DNA: A double-stranded segment of DNA that encodes either a cancerous gene or a normal gene Primers: Short segments of DNA that bind to a specific sequence of nucleotides (binds to cancer gene) Taq Polymerase: A protein that serves as the catalyst for the DNA replication; grabs extra nucleotides within the solution and binds them to the "unzipped" strands Magnesium Chloride: A cofactor that binds to the Taq Polymerase and affects the speed of the reaction; positive correlation between amount of magnesium chloride and reaction speed dNTP's: Deoxynucleotide triphosphates; extra nucleotide bases in solution that are able to be grabbed and synthesized by Taq Polymerase to replicate DNA strands beyond the primer sequence
• At 95° Celsius: DNA melts and "unzips" to create two one-stranded strips, primers are added to the solution • At 57°Celsius: Primers attach to the corresponding template sequence they complement, forming one forward primer and one reverse primer • At 72° Celsius: Taq Polymerase finishes the replication process with the use of dNTP's and magnesium chloride
Why does a cancer gene produce a positive result while a normal gene produces a negative? • Because the cancer gene has the specific sequence of nucleotides that the primers can bond to, the process can continue and the DNA can be replicated; however, since the normal gene does not include that specific sequence, the primers can never bond to the strands and the process cannot take place.
In order to achieve accuracy of the amplification process as an actual determinant for cancer, Bayes' Rule must be used. This will compute the probability of true positives in coordination with false positives and false negatives to give a realistic prediction for how reliable the PCR process is in detecting the true cancer patients.
Image Credit to OpenPCR.org/use-it/
Results
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