* Ave. INTDEN = Average of ImageJ integrated density values from three Fluorimeter images
Bayesian Statistics
These following conditional statistics are based upon all of the DNA detection system results that were obtained in the PCR lab for 20 hypothetical patients who were diagnosed as either having cancer or not having cancer.
Calculation 1: The probability that the sample actually has the cancer DNA sequence, given a positive diagnostic signal.
A = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
B = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
P (B|A) = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
P(A|B) = [answer]
Calculation 3: The probability that the patient will develop cancer, given a cancer DNA sequence.
A = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
B = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
P (B|A) = [text description] = [frequency shown as a fraction] = [final numerical value]
P(A|B) = [answer]
New System: Design Strategy
We concluded that a good system Must Have:
[Must have #1 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
[Must have #2 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
- Result easy to determine.
- Simple OpenPCR Software: The OpenPCR Software shoulder be simple and easy to use and that would help lab experiments done faster, rather than the need to spend extra time to figure out how the software works.
We concluded that we would Want a good system to have:
[Want #1 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
[Want #2 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
- Low cost: OpenPCR $599 Fluorimeter $300. A low cost material would help since there is always a limited budge for the research experiment. This would allow us to buy more OpenPCR and fluorimeter and create more data results in the same amount of time.
Phone camera should not be easily moveable when played in front of the fluorimeter. Phone camera adjustment can be time consuming and not setting it in the correct position/distance results data error. There should be an extra modification where the camera should be in a fixed position and distance and easily re-adjustable.
We concluded that a good system Must Not Have:
[Must Not Have #1 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
[Must Not Have #2 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
- Troublesome USB Connectivity. USB connectivity should function well in order for OpenPCR machine to work.
- Easy to mix drops during imaging.
We concluded that a good system Should Avoid:
[Should Avoid #1 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
[Should Avoid #2 - why? short, ~4 or 5 sentences]
- Avoid slow amplification.
- Hard to adjust phone/ fluorimeter. The phone can be easily moved by accident, which requires readjustment between the phone and the fluorimeter.
New System: Machine/ Device Engineering
SYSTEM DESIGN
We decided to have some modification of the fluorimeter to allow easy adjustment and positioning of the phone. The benefit of this modification is that it will help save time to try to readjust the phone in the correct position, and that photos can be taken better and more accurate, which give better and accurate data results.
KEY FEATURES
We chose to include these new features
Feature 1 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
This new device will hold the camera phone in place. It will be able to connect temporarily to the fluorimeter, allowing the phone to be held in place. The device will also have an adjustable distance from the phone to the fluorimeter, as well as the height for more compability of other different phones, without trying to adding more heights to the phone or the fluorimeter.
[OR]
<We chose keep the devices the same as the original system
Feature 1 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.>
INSTRUCTIONS
Step 1: Connect the base to the fluorimeter.
Step 2: Set the camera phone into the base.
Step 3: Set the height and distance.
Step 4: Take Photo.
New System: Protocols
DESIGN
We chose to include these new approaches/ features
Feature 1 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
[OR]
We chose keep the protocols the same as the original system
Feature 1 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
MATERIALS
Supplied in the Kit
Amount
Smart phone
1
Reaction mix
given more for more reactions
Battery
Software
Supplied in the User
Amount
Filter water
SYBR Green
Primers
DNA sample (negative and positive)
PROTOCOLS
PCR Protocol
Step 1: Reaction mix
Step 2: Add 2.5 μL of negative and positive DNA sample
Step 3: Fluorometer gave the sample result
DNA Measurement and Analysis Protocol
Step 1: Set up the equipment
Step 2: Put the smart phone and fluorometer in the dark box
Step 3: Major the distance between the fluorometer and phone.
Step 4: Run the samples
Step 5: Take a picture of the experiment
Step 6: Repeat this trial with different samples
Step 7: Use Image J and make a circle around the drop.
New System: Research and Development
BACKGROUND
DESIGN
Primers for PCR
Our primers address the following design needs
Design specification 1 - explanation of how an aspect of the primers addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Design specification 2 - explanation of how an aspect of the primers addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
New System: Software
[THIS SECTION IS OPTIONAL. If your team has creative ideas for new software, and new software is a key component included in your new protocols, R&D, or machine design, you may describe it here. You will not receive bonus points, but a solid effort may raise your overall page layout points. If you decide not to propose new software, please delete this entire section, including the ==New System: Software== header.]