* Ave. INTDEN = Average of ImageJ integrated density values from three Fluorimeter images
Bayesian Statistics
These following conditional statistics are based upon all of the DNA detection system results that were obtained in the PCR lab for 20 hypothetical patients who were diagnosed as either having cancer or not having cancer.
Calculation 1: The probability that the sample actually has the cancer DNA sequence, given a positive diagnostic signal.
A = Frequency of positive conclusions from cancer DNA sequence = 9/20 = .45
B = Frequency of Total Positive DNA sequences = 26/60 = .433
P (B|A) = Frequency of total positive DNA sequences given a positive conclusion = 25/26 = .962
P(A|B) = .962
Calculation 3: The probability that the patient will develop cancer, given a cancer DNA sequence.
A = Frequency of a mismatch for pos = 3/9 = .33
B = Frequency of all mismatches = 5/9 = .55
P (B|A) = Probability patient will get cancer = 3/10 = .3
P(A|B) = .3
New System: Design Strategy
We concluded that a good system Must Have:
[Simple software. This is of vital importance due to the fact it will attract more user. The easier the software is to navigate and work with, the better sales will be. It will also in turn help interpret data easier by displaying results on a simple scale.]
[Access to imaging results in a hasty manner. Being able to interpret images quickly after interpretation is important so the users can justify what they are analyzing quickly and precisely. This in turn will help develop more in-depth analysis' by revealing faster results for more trials. This will increase validity of the information obtained in the long run.]
We concluded that we would Want a good system to have:
[Ease of access. The group concluded that the easier the system is to access from the outside in, the more improvement the group and developers can make on a more frequent basis. That being said, these frequent improvements allowed by this aspect will only increase the use of the PCR machine. The group will be able to make improvements on the machine whenever it seems fit and necessary; possibly leading to newer discoveries more frequently.]
[Low cost. Although it is not always possible to have a low cost because of the parts put into the system, the group leans towards the machine being affordable. These low costs will increase sales and provide itself with a better outlook on the environment. Its gain in reputation would help our group further sales in the industry and promote additional add-ons to this product if deemed fit. ]
We concluded that a good system Must Not Have:
[A Troublesome USB connectivity. If this is a factor in production, the PCR would almost be coined as worthless due to the fact it needs to be attached to a computer with the correct software to even record the results. It would also ruin the company's reputation in the process by not appealing to buyers. It's a must to keep these machines in mass production and on the market.]
[A hazardous casing. With the prototype being made of wood for the outside casing, it causes a fire hazard due to the fact it's highly flammable. Something more durable would be deemed fit to encase the material that is of such a large investment. This would give potential buyers a sense of assurance that the product is not simply something fragile and easily disposed of, but can hold its own.
We concluded that a good system Should Avoid:
[Time-consuming amplifications. While the prototype PCR machine took just over an hour and a half to fully amplify and denature, the group intends on making the new product a bit more time efficient by reducing this time interval to just under an hour. Although its not a necessity like the others, its something the group wants to avoid to aid in productivity with the machine. ]
[Inaccurate time read-outs. Although the time difference normally is usually within a few seconds, the difference in this time could ultimately affect the denaturing of proteins in the long run. We want to avoid this to avoid inaccurate readings of the proteins due to harm during the process. Accurate readings of the DNA from the machine are vital.]
New System: Machine/ Device Engineering
SYSTEM DESIGN
KEY FEATURES
We chose to include these new features
Feature 1 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
[OR]
We chose keep the devices the same as the original system
Feature 1 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how a pre-existing feature addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
INSTRUCTIONS
New System: Protocols
DESIGN
We chose to include these new approaches/ features
Feature 1 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Feature 2 - explanation of how this addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
MATERIALS
PROTOCOLS
PCR Protocol
Step 1
Step 2
Etc.
DNA Measurement and Analysis Protocol
Step 1
Step 2
Etc.
New System: Research and Development
BACKGROUND
DESIGN
Primers for PCR
Our primers address the following design needs
Design specification 1 - explanation of how an aspect of the primers addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Design specification 2 - explanation of how an aspect of the primers addresses any of the specifications in the "New System: Design Strategy" section
Etc.
New System: Software
[THIS SECTION IS OPTIONAL. If your team has creative ideas for new software, and new software is a key component included in your new protocols, R&D, or machine design, you may describe it here. You will not receive bonus points, but a solid effort may raise your overall page layout points. If you decide not to propose new software, please delete this entire section, including the ==New System: Software== header.]
BME 103 Spring 2013
