BioNumbers data base

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property index	Property family	Property subfamily	Property	Organism	Value	Units	Reference (where data was taken from)	Primary source of reference (if different from previous)	Keywords	measurement method	Standard deviation or range if available	comments (cell type, measurement conditions etc.)	Entered by:
1	Sizes	Lengths	Cell length	E. coli	2	microns	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi Shan Sundararaj, Anchi Guo, Bahram Habibi-Nazhad, Melania Rouani,Paul Stothard, Michael Ellison,and David S. Wishart "The CyberCell Database (CCDB): a comprehensive, self-updating, relational database to coordinate and facilitate in silico modeling of Escherichia coli" Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 January 1; 32 (Database issue): D293.D295	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
2	Sizes	Lengths	Cell diameter	E. coli	0.8	microns	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
3	Sizes	Volumes	Cell total volume	E. coli	1x10-18	m^3	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
4	Sizes	Volumes	Cell total volume	E. coli	0.44-1.79*10^-18	m^3	Determination of bacterial cell volume with the Coulter Counter. HE Kubitschek, JA Friske - Journal of Bacteriology, 1986, p. 1466-1467			Coulter counter		value depends on medium and growth rate, see ref.	Ron Milo
5	Sizes	Volumes	Cell aqueous volume	E. coli	7 x 10-16	L	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
6	Sizes	Surface	Cell surface area	E. coli	6x10-12	m^2	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
7	Sizes	Weights	Cell wet weight	E. coli	1x10-15	kg	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
8	Sizes	Weights	Cell dry weight	E. coli	3.0x10-16	kg	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
9	Sizes	Weights	Cell dry weight	E. coli	6.4x10-16	kg	Bremer, H., Dennis, P. P. (1996) Modulation of chemical composition and other parameters of the cell by growth rate. Neidhardt, et al. eds. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. chapter 97, Table 2			Indirect calculation based on the ratio: (dry mass)/OD460		calculated based on data at 30 minutes cell division time. For other division times see reference.	Ron Milo
10	Sizes	Volumes	Periplasm volume	E. coli	6.5x10-17	L	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
11	Sizes	Volumes	Cytoplasm volume	E. coli	6.7x10-16	L	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
12	Sizes	Volumes	Envelope volume	E. coli	1.6x10-16	L	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
13	Sizes	Volumes	Nuclear (DNA+protein) volume	E. coli	1.6x10-16	L	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
14	Sizes	Lengths	Inner Membrane thickness	E. coli	8x10-9	m	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
15	Sizes	Lengths	Outer Membrane thickness	E. coli	8x10-9 - 15x10-9	m	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
16	Sizes	Lengths	Periplasm thickness	E. coli	1x10-8	m	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
17	Sizes	Sizes	Average size of protein	E. coli	360	aa	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
18	Sizes	Lengths	Average diameter of ave. protein	E. coli	5	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
19	Sizes	Weights	Average MW of protein	E. coli	40	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
20	Sizes	Complexes	Average prot. oligomerization state	E. coli	4	proteins/complex	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
21	Sizes	Weights	Average MW of protein entity	E. coli	160	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
22	Sizes	mRNA	Average size of mRNA	E. coli	1100	bp	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
23	Sizes	mRNA	Average length of mRNA	E. coli	370	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
24	Sizes	Weights	Average MW of all RNAs	E. coli	400 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
25	Sizes	Weights	Average MW of single DNA	E. coli	3.0x109 D or 3.0x106 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
26	Sizes	Weights	Average MW of all DNA	E. coli	7 x 106 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
27	Sizes	Lengths	Average length of DNA (chrom.)	E. coli	1.55 mm	mm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
28	Sizes	Lengths	Diameter of chromosome	E. coli	490 um	micron	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
29	Sizes	Lengths	Diameter of condensed chromosome	E. coli	17 um	micron	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
30	Sizes	Lengths	Spacing between small organics	E. coli	3.6 nm/molecule	nm/molecule	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
31	Sizes	Lengths	Spacing between ions	E. coli	2.1 nm/molecule	nm/molecule	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
32	Sizes	Lengths	Ave. spacing between proteins	E. coli	7 nm/molecule	nm/molecule	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
33	Sizes	Lengths	Spacing between protein entities	E. coli	9 nm/molecule	nm/molecule	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
34	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of 70 kD protein (cytoplasm)	E. coli	3 nm/ms = 3x10-6 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
35	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of 40 kD protein (cytoplasm)	E. coli	5 nm/ms = 5x10-6 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
36	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of 30 kD protein (cytoplasm)	E. coli	7 nm/ms = 7x10-6 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
37	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of 14 kD protein (cytoplasm)	E. coli	10 nm/ms = 10x10-6 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
38	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of small molecules (cytoplasm)	E. coli	50 nm/ms = 5x10-5 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
39	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of protein in H2O	E. coli	27 nm/ms = 2.7x10-5 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
40	General Statistics	Velocities	Mean Velocity of small molecules in H2O	E. coli	87 nm/ms = 8.7x10-5 m/s	nm/ms	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
41	General Statistics	Concentrations	Concentration of protein in cell	E. coli	200-320 mg/mL (5-8 mM)	mg/ml	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
42	General Statistics	Concentrations	Concentration of RNA in cell	E. coli	75-120 mg/mL (0.5-0.8 mM)	mg/ml	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
43	General Statistics	Concentrations	Concentration of DNA in cell	E. coli	11-18 mg/mL (5 nM)	mg/ml	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
44	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by water	E. coli	0.7	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
45	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by protein	E. coli	0.17	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
46	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by all RNA	E. coli	0.06	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
47	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by rRNA	E. coli	0.05	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
48	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by tRNA	E. coli	0.008	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
49	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by mRNA	E. coli	0.002	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
50	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by DNA	E. coli	0.01	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
51	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by ribosomes	E. coli	0.08	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
52	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by lipid	E. coli	0.03	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
53	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by LPS	E. coli	0.01	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
54	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by murein	E. coli	0.01	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
55	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by glycogen	E. coli	0.01	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
56	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by ions	E. coli	0.003	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
57	General Statistics	Volumes	Volume occupied by small organics	E. coli	0.01	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
58	General Statistics	Rates	Translation rate	E. coli	40	aa/sec	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
59	General Statistics	Rates	Translation rate	E. coli	20	aa/sec	Bremer, H., Dennis, P. P. (1996) Modulation of chemical composition and other parameters of the cell by growth rate. Neidhardt, et al. eds. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. chapter 97, Table 3	Dennis, P. P., and H. Bremer. 1974. Differential rate of ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli B/r. J. Mol. Biol. 84:407-422.;Dennis, P. P., and M. Nomura. 1974. Stringent control of ribosomal protein gene expression in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3819-3823.		Indirect calculation based on the number of ribosomes, ribosome activity fraction and protein synthesis rate		calculated based on data at 30 minutes cell division time. For other division times see reference. This value is probably an underestimate based on some newer results	Ron Milo
60	General Statistics	Rates	RNA polymerase transcription rate	E. coli	70	nt/sec	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	coli B/r. J. Mol. Biol. 84:407-422.					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
61	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of cell walls/cell	E. coli	1	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
62	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of membranes/cell	E. coli	2	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
63	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of chromosomes/cell	E. coli	2.3 (at mid log phase)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
64	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of mRNA/cell	E. coli	4000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
65	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of rRNA/cell	E. coli	18000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
66	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of tRNA/cell	E. coli	200000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
67	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all RNA/cell	E. coli	222000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
68	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of polysaccharides/cell	E. coli	39000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
69	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of murein molecules/cell	E. coli	240,000-700,000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
70	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of lipopolysaccharide/cell	E. coli	600000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
71	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of lipids/cell	E. coli	25000000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
72	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all lipids/cell	E. coli	25000000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
73	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of phosphatidylethanolamine	E. coli	18500000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
74	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of phosphatidylglycerol	E. coli	5000000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
75	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of cardiolipin	E. coli	1200000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
76	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of phosphatidylserine	E. coli	500000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
77	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of LPS (MW = 10kD)	E. coli	600000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
78	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Average SA of lipid molecule	E. coli	25 Ang2		http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
79	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Fraction of lipid bilayer=lipid	E. coli	0.4	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
80	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Fraction of lipid bilayer=protein	E. coli	0.6	Percent	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
81	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of outer membrane proteins	E. coli	300000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
82	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of porins (subset of OM)	E. coli	60000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
83	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of lipoproteins (OM)	E. coli	240000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
84	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of inner membrane proteins	E. coli	200000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
85	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of nuclear proteins	E. coli	100000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
86	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of cytoplasmic proteins	E. coli	1,000,000 (excluding ribo proteins)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
87	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of ribosomal proteins	E. coli	900000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
88	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of periplasmic proteins	E. coli	80000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
89	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all proteins in cell	E. coli	2600000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
90	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all proteins in cell in amino acids	E. coli	1.89*10^9	amino acids	Neidhardt, F.C. et al. (1987) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. chapter 97, Table 2					For a cell cycle of 30 minutes at 37deg, see reference for value at other division rates	Ron Milo
91	Genome	Replication	Time to replicate the chromosome	E. coli	40-67	Minutes	Neidhardt, F.C. et al. (1987) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. chapter 97, Table 1, 3					Value in range depends on division rate	Ron Milo
92	Translation	Ribosomes	Average distance between ribosomes on mRNA	E. coli	41-79	nucleotides	Neidhardt, F.C. et al. (1987) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. chapter 97, Table 3			Indirectly calculated from other parameters, see reference		Value in range depends on division rate	Ron Milo
93	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of external proteins (flag/pili)	E. coli	1000000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
94	Copy numbers	Large Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all proteins	E. coli	3600000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
95	Complexes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of protein types to make flagella	E. coli	42	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
96	Sizes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Length of flagella	E. coli	10-20 um or ~15,000 nm	microns	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
97	Sizes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Diameter of flagella	E. coli	25 nm	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
98	Complexes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of protofilaments in flagellum	E. coli	11	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
99	Sizes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Diameter of each fliC monomer	E. coli	5 nm	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
100	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of fliC monomers in filament	E. coli	3000x11=33,000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
101	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of flagella/cell	E. coli	10	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
102	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of fliC proteins	E. coli	330000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
103	Velocities	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Speed at which E. coli move	E. coli	50 um/sec = 18 x10-5 km/h	micron/sec	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
104		Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of protein types to make pilus	E. coli	1	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
105	Lengths	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Length of pili/fimbrae	E. coli	200-2000 nm	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
106	Lengths	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Diamter of pili	E. coli	6.5 nm	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
107	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of papA/nm pilus	E. coli	1.5	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
108	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of papA monomers/pilus	E. coli	3000-30,000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
109	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of pili/cell	E. coli	100-300	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
110	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of papA/cell	E. coli	300,000-900,000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
111	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of ribosomes/cell	E. coli	18000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
112	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of protein types to make ribosome	E. coli	55	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
113	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number rRNA types to make ribosome	E. coli	3	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
114	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of proteins in 30S subunit	E. coli	21	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
115	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of proteins in 50S subunit	E. coli	34	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
116	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of rRNA in 30S subunit	E. coli	1	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
117	Copy numbers	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Number of rRNA in 50S subunit	E. coli	2	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
118	Lengths	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Length of all rRNA	E. coli	5520 nt	nt	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
119	Weights	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	MW of ribosome	E. coli	2700 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
120	Weights	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	MW of RNA component	E. coli	1700 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
121	Weights	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	MW of protein component	E. coli	1000 kD	kDalton	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
122	Lengths	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Diameter of ribosome	E. coli	20 nm	nm	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
123	Volumes	Statistics on Larger Molecule Complexes	Volume of ribosome	E. coli	4.2 x 10-24 m3	m^3	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
124	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of water molecules/cell	E. coli	2.34x1010 (23.4 billion)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
125	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of ions/cell	E. coli	120,000,000 (300 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
126	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of small organics/cell	E. coli	18,000,000 (40-50 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
127	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of K ions	E. coli	90,000,000 (200-250 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
128	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Na ions	E. coli	2,000,000 (5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
129	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Na (in): Na (out)	E. coli	1:20 (in concentration)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
130	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Ca ions	E. coli	2,300,000 (6 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
131	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Ca ions	E. coli	40 (100 nM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
132	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Cl ions	E. coli	2,400,000 (6 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
133	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Mg ions	E. coli	4,000,000 (10 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
134	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Fe ions	E. coli	7,000,000 (18 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
135	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Mn ions	E. coli	1,700,000 (4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
136	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Zn ions	E. coli	1,700,000 (4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
137	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Mo ions	E. coli	1,700,000 (4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
138	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Cu ions	E. coli	1,700,000 (4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
139	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of PO4 ions	E. coli	2,000,000 (5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
140	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of glucose/cell	E. coli	200,000-400,000 (0.5-1 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
141	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of PEP/cell	E. coli	1,100,000 (2.8 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
142	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of pyruvate/cell	E. coli	370,000 (0.9 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
143	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of gluc-6-PO4/cell	E. coli	20,000 (0.05 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
144	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of ATP/cell	E. coli	500,000 - 3,000,000 (1.3-7.0 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
145	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of ADP/cell	E. coli	70,000 (0.17 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
146	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of NADP/cell	E. coli	240,000 (0.63 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
147	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of NADPH/cell	E. coli	220,000 (0.56 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
148	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of all amino acids/cell	E. coli	6,000,000 (1.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
149	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Alanine/cell	E. coli	350,000 (0.8 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
150	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Cysteine/cell	E. coli	80,000 (0.2 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
151	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Aspartate/cell	E. coli	530,000 (1.34 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
152	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Glutamate/cell	E. coli	200,000 (0.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
153	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Phenylalanine/cell	E. coli	170,000 (0.4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
154	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Glycine/cell	E. coli	350,000 (0.8 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
155	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Histidine/cell	E. coli	80,000 (0.2 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
156	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Isoleucine/cell	E. coli	200,000 (0.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
157	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Lysine/cell	E. coli	190,000 (0.46 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
158	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Leucine/cell	E. coli	300,000 (0.7 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
159	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Methionine/cell	E. coli	40,000 (0.1 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
160	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Asparagine/cell	E. coli	200,000 (0.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
161	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Proline/cell	E. coli	200,000 (0.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
162	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Glutamine/cell	E. coli	200,000 (0.5 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
163	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Arginine/cell	E. coli	170,000 (0.4 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
164	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Serine/cell	E. coli	300,000 (0.7 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
165	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Threonine/cell	E. coli	1,400,000 (3.49 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
166	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Valine/cell	E. coli	240,000 (0.6 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
167	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Tryptophan/cell	E. coli	80,000 (0.2 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
168	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of free Tyrosine/cell	E. coli	300,000 (0.7 mM)	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
169	Pressure	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Osmotic pressure (pushing out)	E. coli	75	lb/in2	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference	inner, pressure, osmotic, internal			Equivalent to about 5 Atm (50ton/m^2)	Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
170	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	1 glucose generates (total)	E. coli	36-38	ATP	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
171	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	glycolysis yields	E. coli	39241	ATP	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
172	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	oxidation of pyruvate yields	E. coli	6	ATP	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
173	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Krebs cycle/e- transport yields	E. coli	24	ATP	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
174	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 DNA	E. coli	72289000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
175	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 protein (360 aa)	E. coli	1500	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
176	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 lipid	E. coli	7	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
177	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 polysaccharide	E. coli	2000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
178	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 RNA (1000 nt)	E. coli	2000	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
179	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number ATP to make 1 cell	E. coli	55*10^9	ATP	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
180	Energetic cost	E. coli Metabolism	Number Glucose molecules consumed	E. coli	1.4*10^6	Unitless	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
181	Growth	E. coli Metabolism	Cell generation time	E. coli	30	minutes	http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi	A list of primary sources is given in the reference					Ron Milo, Paul Jorgensen, Mike Springer
182	General statistics	DNA	chromosomal DNA	X. laevis	12	pg	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991	A list of primary sources is given in the reference		Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
183	General statistics	DNA	nucleolar rDNA	X. laevis	25	pg	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
184	General statistics	DNA	nucleolar rDNA	X. laevis	2 x 10^6	rDNA repeats	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
185	General statistics	DNA	mitochondrial DNA	X. laevis	4000	pg	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991	Igor and Dawid, Dev. Biol 27:504-518 (1972)		Egg			Paul Jorgensen
186	General statistics	DNA	mitochondrial DNA	X. laevis	10^8	genomes	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
187	General statistics	RNA	rRNA	X. laevis	5	ug	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
188	General statistics	RNA	5S RNA	X. laevis	60	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
189	General statistics	RNA	5S RNA	X. laevis	10^12	RNAs	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
190	General statistics	RNA	tRNA	X. laevis	60	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
191	General statistics	RNA	tRNA	X. laevis	1.5 x 10^12	tRNAs	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
192	General statistics	RNA	snRNA U1	X. laevis	0.07	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
193	General statistics	RNA	snRNA U1	X. laevis	8 x 10^8	RNAs	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
194	General statistics	RNA	polyA+ RNA	X. laevis	80	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
195	General statistics	RNA	polyA+ RNA	X. laevis	5 x 10^10 (if 2500bp long on average)	RNAs	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
196	General statistics	RNA	ribosomal protein mRNA	X. laevis	10	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
197	General statistics	RNA	ribosomal protein mRNA	X. laevis	2 x 10^10	transcripts	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
198	General statistics	RNA	actin mRNA	X. laevis	1	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
199	General statistics	RNA	actin mRNA	X. laevis	5 x 10^8	transcripts	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
200	General statistics	RNA	Hsp70 mRNA	X. laevis	0.004	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
201	General statistics	RNA	Hsp70 mRNA	X. laevis	10^6	transcripts	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
202	General statistics	RNA	Ribosomes	X. laevis	10^12	ribosomes	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
203	General statistics	Protein	Yolk protein	X. laevis	250	ug	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
204	General statistics	Protein	non-yolk protein	X. laevis	25	ug	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
205	General statistics	Protein	non-yolk protein	X. laevis	5 x 10^14 (if 30K average)	proteins	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
206	General statistics	Protein	Histones	X. laevis	140	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
207	General statistics	Protein	Histones	X. laevis	5 x 10^12	histone proteins	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
208	General statistics	Protein	Nucleoplasmin	X. laevis	250	ng	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
209	General statistics	Protein	Nucleoplasmin	X. laevis	5 x 10^12	nucleoplasmin proteins	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
210	General statistics	Protein	RNA polymerase I and II	X. laevis	10^5 greater than a somatic cell		Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
211	General statistics	Protein	RNA polymerase III	X. laevis	5 x 10^5 greater than a somatic cell		Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
212	General statistics	Metabolism	Each dNTP	X. laevis	10 to 15	pmol	Woodland and Pestell, Biochem J. 127:597-605 (1972)			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
213	General statistics	Metabolism	rGTP	X. laevis	250	pmol	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
214	General statistics	Metabolism	Methionine	X. laevis	40	pmol	Hausen and Riebesell, The Early Development of Xenopus laevis, 1991			Stage VI oocyte			Paul Jorgensen
215	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Escherichia coli (Bacterium)	4.6*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
216	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Sacchromyces cerevisiae (Yeast)	12156678	Base pairs	http://www.yeastgenome.org/cache/genomeSnapshot.html						Ron Milo
217	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Neurospora crassa (Fungus)	39.9*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
218	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	C. elegans (Nematode)	100*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
219	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	C. briggsae (Nematode)	104*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
220	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	120*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
221	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Anapheles gambiae (Mosquito)	280*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
222	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Gallus gallus (Chicken)	120*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
223	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Fugu rubripes (Pufferfish)	365*10^6	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
224	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Danio rario (Zebrafish)	1.7*10^9 (?)	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
225	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Mouse	3*10^9	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
226	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Xenopus laevis (Frog)	~3*10^9	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
227	General statistics	Genome	Genome Size	Human	3*10^9	Base pairs	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
228	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Escherichia coli (Bacterium)	3000	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
229	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Yeast	6609	ORF	http://www.yeastgenome.org/cache/genomeSnapshot.html						Ron Milo
230	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Neurospora crassa (Fungus)	10,000 (Release Apr 2003)	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
231	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	C. elegans (Nematode)	20,621 (Release WS108)	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
232	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	C. briggsae (Nematode)	19,507 (Release Sept 2003)	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
233	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	13,647 (Release 3.1)	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
234	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Anapheles gambiae (Mosquito)	13600	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
235	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Fugu rubripes (Pufferfish)	38000	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
236	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Mouse	30000	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
237	General statistics	Genome	Number of genes	Human	31000	Genes	http://wormlab.caltech.edu/briggsae/genomeSize.html						Ron Milo
238	General statistics	Genome	Number of tRNA	Yeast	299	unitless	http://www.yeastgenome.org/cache/genomeSnapshot.html						Ron Milo
239	General statistics	Genome	Number of rRNA	Yeast	27	unitless	http://www.yeastgenome.org/cache/genomeSnapshot.html						Ron Milo
240	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Vibrio natriegens	9.8	Minutes	R. G. Eagon, J. Bacteriol. 83:736-737, 1962			Optimal growth occurred at 37 C in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 1.5% sea salt.			Ron Milo
241	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Escherichia coli	17	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Glucose-salts			Ron Milo
242	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Bacillus megaterium	25	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Sucrose-salts			Ron Milo
243	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Streptococcus lactis	26	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Milk			Ron Milo
244	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Streptococcus lactis	48	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Lactose broth			Ron Milo
245	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Staphylococcus aureus	27-30	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Heart infusion broth			Ron Milo
246	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Lactobacillus acidophilus	66-87	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Milk			Ron Milo
247	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Rhizobium japonicum	344-461	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Mannitol-salts-yeast extract			Ron Milo
248	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	792-932	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Synthetic			Ron Milo
249	Growth	Generation time	Minimal generation time	Treponema pallidum	1980	Minutes	http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth.html			medium: Rabbit testes			Ron Milo
250	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of chemoreceptors (total)	E. coli	15000	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html			strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
251	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of major receptors (Tsr+Tar)	E. coli	14000	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
252	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of minor receptors (Trg+Tap+Aer)	E. coli	1000	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
253	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of kinases (CheA)	E. coli	4500	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
254	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of receptor-kinase couplers (CheW)	E. coli	6700	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
255	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of output response regulators (CheY)	E.coli	8200	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
256	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of phosphatases (CheZ)	E. coli	3200	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
257	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of feedback response regulators (CheB)	E. coli	240	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
258	copy numbers	Chemotaxis	Number of methyltransferases	E. coli	140	proteins	http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/groups/comp-cell/Rates.html	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)		strain RP437 grown in TB medium			Tom Shimizu
259	Rates	Chemotaxis	Time constant for sub-saturating response	E. coli	4	seconds	Segall, Block & Berg (PNAS, 1986)	Li & Hazelbauer (PNAS, 2004)					Tom Shimizu
260	Dynamic range	Chemotaxis	Dynamic range for gradient sensing of alpha-methylaspartate	E.coli	>5	orders of magnitude	Mesibov, Ordal & Adler (J. Gen. Physiol., 1973)						Tom Shimizu
261	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Small molecule	Generic	~50	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 6, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	Hille (1992), Berg (1993), Atkins (1994)		order of magnitude. ~1msec for a distance of 1 micron			Ron Milo
262	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	protein molecule	Generic	~5	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 6, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	Hille (1992), Berg (1993), Atkins (1994)		order of magnitude. ~10msec for a distance of 1 micron			Ron Milo
263	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	virus particle	Generic	~0.5	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 6, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	Hille (1992), Berg (1993), Atkins (1994)		order of magnitude. ~0.1sec for a distance of 1 micron			Ron Milo
264	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	bacterial cell	Generic	~0.05	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 6, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	Hille (1992), Berg (1993), Atkins (1994)		order of magnitude. ~1sec for a distance of 1 micron			Ron Milo
265	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	animal cell	Generic	~0.005	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 6, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	Hille (1992), Berg (1993), Atkins (1994)		order of magnitude. ~10sec for a distance of 1 micron			Ron Milo
266	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bovine	12.9	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1984			Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
267	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of cytochrome c	Equine	13	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1985	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1979		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
268	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Ribonuclease A	Bovine	10.7	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1986	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1980		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
269	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Lysozyme	Hen	11.3	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1987	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1981		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
270	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Myoglobin	Sperm whale	11.3	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1988	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1982		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
271	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Adenylate kinase	Porcine	10.2	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1989	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1983		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
272	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Trypsin	Bovine	9.3	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1990	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1984		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
273	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Bence Jones REI	Porcine	10	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1991	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1985		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
274	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Chymotrypsinogen	Human	9.48	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1992	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1986		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
275	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Elastase	Bovine	9.5	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1993	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1987		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
276	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Subtilisin novo	Porcine	9.04	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1994	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1988		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
277	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Carbonic anhydrase	B. amyloliq.	10.7	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1995	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1989		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
278	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Superoxide dismutase	Human	8.92	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1996	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1990		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
279	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Carboxypeptidase A	Bovine	9.2	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1997	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1991		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
280	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Phosphoglycerate kinase	Bovine	6.38	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1998	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1992		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
281	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Concanavalin A	Yeast	6.34	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 1999	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1993		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
282	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Hemoglobin, oxy	Equine	6.02	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 2000	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1994		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
283	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Malate dehydrogenase	Porcine	5.76	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 2001	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1995		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
284	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh	Equine	6.23	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 2002	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1996		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
285	Biophysical parameters	Diffusion rates	Diffusion rate of Lactate dehydrogenase	Dogfish	4.99	10^-7*cm^2/sec	"Proteins", Creighton 2003	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1997		Translational diffusion coefficient at 20degC in water, extraploated to zero protein concentration			Ron Milo
286	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bovine	6520	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2004	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1998		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
287	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of cytochrome c	Equine	12310	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2005	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 1999		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
288	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Ribonuclease A	Bovine	13690	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2006	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2000		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
289	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Lysozyme	Hen	14320	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2007	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2001		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
290	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Myoglobin	Sperm whale	17800	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2008	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2002		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
291	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Adenylate kinase	Porcine	21640	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2009	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2003		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
292	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Trypsin	Bovine	23200	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2010	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2004		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
293	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Bence Jones REI	Porcine	23500	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2011	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2005		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
294	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Chymotrypsinogen	Human	25670	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2012	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2006		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
295	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Elastase	Bovine	25900	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2013	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2007		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
296	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Subtilisin novo	Porcine	27530	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2014	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2008		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
297	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Carbonic anhydrase	B. amyloliq.	28800	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2015	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2009		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
298	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Superoxide dismutase	Human	33900	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2016	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2010		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
299	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Carboxypeptidase A	Bovine	34500	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2017	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2011		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
300	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Phosphoglycerate kinase	Bovine	45800	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2018	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2012		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
301	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Concanavalin A	Yeast	51260	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2019	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2013		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
302	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Hemoglobin, oxy	Equine	64610	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2020	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2014		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
303	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Malate dehydrogenase	Porcine	74900	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2021	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2015		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
304	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh	Equine	79870	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2022	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2016		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
305	Biophysical parameters	Molecular weights	Molecular weight of Lactate dehydrogenase	Dogfish	146200	Dalton	"Proteins", Creighton 2023	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2017		Calculated from covalent structure			Ron Milo
306	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophage M13	7.2 x 10-7	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1998	Squire & Himmel, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 196:165-177, 2018					Ron Milo
307	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophage {lambda}	7.7 x 10-8	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1999						Ron Milo
308	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophages T2 and T4	2.4 x 10-8	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2000						Ron Milo
309	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Escherichia coli	5.4 x 10-10	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2001						Ron Milo
310	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.2 x 10-10	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1998						Ron Milo
311	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Neurospora crassa	7.2 x 10-11	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1999						Ron Milo
312	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	C. elegans	2.3 x 10-10	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1998						Ron Milo
313	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Drosophila	3.4 x 10-10	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 1999						Ron Milo
314	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Mouse	1.8 x 10-10	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2000						Ron Milo
315	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Human	5.0 x 10-11	mutation/bp/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2001						Ron Milo
316	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophage M13	0.0046	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2001			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
317	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophage {lambda}	0.0038	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2002			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
318	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophages T2 and T4	0.004	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2003			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
319	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Escherichia coli	0.0025	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2004						Ron Milo
320	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0.0027	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2005						Ron Milo
321	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Neurospora crassa	0.003	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2006			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
322	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	C. elegans	0.018	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2007			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
323	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Drosophila	0.058	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2008			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
324	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Mouse	0.49	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2009			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
325	DNA	Mutation Rates	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Human	0.16	mutation/genome/replication	Drake et. al., Genetics, Vol. 148, 1667-1686, April 2010			Notice that this is per gemone replication not per sexual generation			Ron Milo
326	Growth	Growth	Generation time	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	5	Hours	http://www.yale.edu/rosenbaum/green_yeast.html						Ron Milo
327	DNA	Genome	Number of chromosomes/cell	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	17	Unitless	http://www.yale.edu/rosenbaum/green_yeast.html						Ron Milo
328	DNA	Genome	Genome Size	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	120*10^6	Base pairs	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii						Ron Milo
329	Composition	Water	percentage of the total wet weight of cells	bacteria	70	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
330	Composition	Water	percentage of the total wet weight of cells	chicken heart fibroblasts	77	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
331	Composition	Water	percentage of the total wet weight of cells	rat kidney cells	74	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
332	Composition	Water	percentage of the total wet weight of cells	HeLa cells	70	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
333	Composition	Water	percentage of the total wet weight of cells	axon	87	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
334	Composition	Protein	Percentage by Weight	bacteria	20-32	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
335	Composition	Protein	Percentage by Weight	muscle cells	23	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
336	Composition	Protein	Percentage by Weight	red blood cells	35	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
337	Composition	Protein	Percentage by Weight	mammalian tissue cells	17-26	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
338	Composition	Protein	Percentage by Weight	squid axoplasm	5	Percent	"Cell movements - from molecules to motility", pp. 303, Dennis Bray, 2nd ed. Garland, 2001	not given					Ron Milo
339	Sizes	Volume	median cell volume	Yeast	42	micron^3	http://yeastpheromonemodel.org/wiki/Cell_volume	Jorgensen et al. 2002 PMID 120894449		The median volume of a haploid yeast cell in exponential phase growing in YPD at 30?C			Ron Milo
340	Sizes	Volume	median cell volume	Yeast	37	micron^3	http://yeastpheromonemodel.org/wiki/Cell_volume	Tyson et al. 1979 PMID 374379		The mean volume of a haploid yeast cell in exponential phase growing in YPD at 30?C			Ron Milo
341	Transcription	Ribosome	Percent of total transcription devoted to ribosomal RNA	Yeast	60	Percent	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
342	Transcription		RNA to DNA ratio	Yeast	50	Unitless	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
343	Transcription		Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal RNA	Yeast	80	Percent	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
344	Transcription		Percent of total RNA that is tRNA	Yeast	15	Percent	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
345	Transcription		Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal mRNA	Yeast	5	Percent	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
346	Complexes	copy number	Number of ribosomes	Yeast	200000	Unitless	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999			Based on comparison of the size of the genome (1.4 3 107 bp) with the RNA in a ribosome (5469 nucleotides), and using ratio of DNA to rRNA			Ron Milo
347	Growth		Generation time	Yeast	100	minutes	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999						Ron Milo
348	mRNA	copy number	Number of mRNAs in cell	Yeast	15000	Unitless	The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast, JR Warner - Trends Biochem. Sci, 1999	Holstege, F. C. P. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 717-728					Ron Milo
349	Weight	genome	Weight of DNA base pair	generic	665	Dalton	http://www.roche-applied-science.com/PROD_INF/MANUALS/napi_man/pdf/chapter9/page_212-215.pdf	Ausubel et al., 1988		Notice this is a base PAIR			Itai Yanai
350	Weight	genome	Weight of single stranded DNA base	generic	325	Dalton	http://www.roche-applied-science.com/PROD_INF/MANUALS/napi_man/pdf/chapter9/page_212-215.pdf	Ausubel et al., 1988					Itai Yanai
351	Weight	genome	Weight of single stranded RNA base	generic	340	Dalton	http://www.roche-applied-science.com/PROD_INF/MANUALS/napi_man/pdf/chapter9/page_212-215.pdf	Ausubel et al., 1988					Itai Yanai
352	Weight	genome	Conversion from weight to bp	generic	978	Mbp/pgram	Gregory, T.R. (2007). Animal Genome Size Database. http://www.genomesize.com	Dolezel et al., Cytometry 51A: 127-128, 2003					Ron Milo
353	Thermosensitivity	TRP channels	Q10 (24-36?C) of TRPV4	mouse	19.1	Unitless	Watanabe et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2002			In HEK293 Cell			Daniel Ramot
354	Thermosensitivity	TRP channels	TRPV1 Q10 (41-50?C)	rat	27	Unitless	Liu, Hui, & Qin, Biophys J. 2003			Single-channel activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes			Daniel Ramot
355	Thermosensitivity	Sensory neurons	Q10 (47-51?C) of heat activated current in DRG neurons	rat	17.8	Unitless	Vyklick? et al., J. Physiol 1999			Cultured neurons			Daniel Ramot
356	Thermosensitivity	TRP channels	TRPV3 Q10	mouse	6.62	Unitless	Peier et al., Science 2002			In CHO cells			Daniel Ramot
357	Thermosensitivity	K+ Channels	Q10 (5-20?C) of Shaker K+ channel peak amplitude	Drosophila	1.51	Unitless	Nobile et al., Exp Brain Res, 1997			In Xenopus laevis oocytes - cut open oocyte method			Daniel Ramot
358	Thermosensitivity	K+ Channels	Q10 (5-20?C) of Shaker K+ channel activation time constant	Drosophila	3.14	Unitless	Nobile et al., Exp Brain Res, 1997			In Xenopus laevis oocytes - cut open oocyte method			Daniel Ramot
359	Thermosensitivity	K+ Channels	Q10 (5-20?C) of Shaker K+ channel inactivation time constant	Drosophila	7.2	Unitless	Nobile et al., Exp Brain Res, 1997			In Xenopus laevis oocytes - cut open oocyte method			Daniel Ramot
360	Thermosensitivity	K+ Channels	Q10 (5-20?C) of Shaker K+ channel ratio b/w steady-state & peak current	Drosophila	2.95	Unitless	Nobile et al., Exp Brain Res, 1997			In Xenopus laevis oocytes - cut open oocyte method			Daniel Ramot
361	Thermosensitivity	TRP channels	TRPV1 Q10		20.6	Unitless	Welch et al., PNAS 2000						Daniel Ramot
362	Thermosensitivity	TRP channels	TRPV1 Q10		25.6	Unitless	Vlachov? et al., J. Neurosci. 2003						Daniel Ramot
363	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Zn ions in YPD	yeast	8e7		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
364	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Se ions in YPD	yeast	6e7		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
365	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of S ions in YPD	yeast	5e8		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
366	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of P ions in YPD	yeast	5e9		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
367	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Ni ions in YPD	yeast	2e7		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
368	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Na ions in YPD	yeast	2e8		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
369	Copy numbers	Small Molecule Copy Numbers	Number of Mn ions in YPD	yeast	5e5		Eide et al. Genome Biology 2005						Mike Springer
370	Sizes	Volumes	Nuclear volume (average)	S. cerevisiae	2.9	um3	Jorgensen et al. MBC 2007			Morphometry		SD 2% glucose medium, wild-type haploid cells	Paul Jorgensen
371	Sizes	Volumes	Nuclear:cell volume ratio	S. cerevisiae	0.07	Unitless	Jorgensen et al. MBC 2007					SD 2% glucose medium, wild-type haploid cells	Paul Jorgensen
372	Sizes	Volumes	Cell volume	S. cerevisiae	42	um3	Jorgensen et al. MBC 2007			Coulter counter	17	SD 2% glucose medium, wild-type haploid cells	Paul Jorgensen
373	General statistics	Proliferation	Number of cell divisions in an average human lifespan	H. sapiens	10e17	Cell divisions	Weinberg, R. The Biology of Cancer 2007						Paul Jorgensen
374	Sizes	Dimensions	Cell diameter	S. cerevisiae	5	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
375	Sizes	Volumes	Cell volume	S. cerevisiae	66	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
376	Sizes	Dimensions	Cell dimensions	S. pombe	2 x 7	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
377	Sizes	Volumes	Cell volume	S. pombe	22	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
378	Sizes	Dimensions	Cell diameter	Mammalian cell	10 to 20	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
379	Sizes	Volumes	Cell volume	Mammalian cell	500 to 4000	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
380	Sizes	Dimensions	Cell dimensions	E. coli	1 x 3	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
381	Sizes	Volumes	Cell volume	E. coli	2	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
382	Sizes	Organelle size	Mitochonrdia dimensions	Mammalian cell	1	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
383	Sizes	Organelle size	Mitochondria volume	Mammalian cell	0.5	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
384	Sizes	Organelle size	Nuclear diameter	Mammalian cell	5 to 10	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
385	Sizes	Organelle size	Nuclear volume	Mammalian cell	66 to 500	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
386	Sizes	Organelle size	Chloroplast dimensions	Plant cell	1 x 4	um	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
387	Sizes	Organelle size	Chloroplast volume	Plant cell	3	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
388	Sizes		Virus diameter, head only	Bacteriophase Lambda	6.6e-5	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
389	Sizes		Virus diameter, head only	Bacteriophase Lambda	50	nm	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
390	Sizes	Protein size	Ribosome diameter	?	30	nm	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
391	Sizes	Protein size	Ribosome volume	?	1.4e-5	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
392	Sizes	Protein size	Globular protein diameter	?	5	nm	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
393	Sizes	Protein size	Globular protein volume	?	6.6e-8	um3	Roskams and Rodgers, LabRef						Paul Jorgensen
394	Transporters	Rates	Water flow through aquaporin 1 channel	?	5*10^8	molecules/second	Nelson and Cox, "Lehninger - Principles of biochemistry", 3rd ed. p.410						Ron Milo
395	Photosynthesis	Sun	Flux of photons	generic	4*10^21	Photons/m^2/sec	Design and engineering of photosynthetic light-harvesting and electron transfer using length, time, and energy scales. Noy D, Moser CC, Dutton PL. PMID: 16457774			Intergration		at sea level, based on reference solar irradiance 1.5 air masses, integrated over the whole spectrum	Ron Milo
396	Photosynthesis	Sun	Max Photosynthetic photon flux	generic	2000	micromol/m^2/sec	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.243					in the range 400-700nm on a horizontal plane	Ron Milo
397	Photosynthesis	Sun	Mean Photosynthetic photon flux	generic	800	micromol/m^2/sec	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.245					in the range 400-700nm averaged on daytime over the earth's surface on clear days	Ron Milo
398	Photosynthesis	concentrations	Chlorophyll concentration	chloroplast	30	mol/m^3	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.243					average	Ron Milo
399	Photosynthesis	leaves	Leaf area index	Biosphere	4.3	micromol/m^2/sec	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.245					Total area of all leaves divided by the total land area where vegetation occurs	Ron Milo
400	Photosynthesis	Cross section	Effective cross section of chlorophyll for useful photons	generic	0.09	Angstrom^2	Design and engineering of photosynthetic light-harvesting and electron transfer using length, time, and energy scales. Noy D, Moser CC, Dutton PL. PMID: 16457774						Ron Milo
401	Photosynthesis	Absorption	Maximal absorption rate under sun illumination of chlorophyll pigment	generic	4	1/sec	Design and engineering of photosynthetic light-harvesting and electron transfer using length, time, and energy scales. Noy D, Moser CC, Dutton PL. PMID: 16457774						Ron Milo
402	Photosynthesis	Rates	Catalysis rates of photosystem units	generic	10^2-10^4	1/sec	Design and engineering of photosynthetic light-harvesting and electron transfer using length, time, and energy scales. Noy D, Moser CC, Dutton PL. PMID: 16457774						Ron Milo
403	Photosynthesis	Rates	Catalysis rates of photosystem units	generic	200	1/sec	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.243						Ron Milo
404	Photosynthesis	copy numbers	number of chlorophyll pigments in PSI	Synechococcus elongatus	96	unitless	Three-dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 2.5 A resolution.Nature. 2001 Jun 21;411(6840):909-17.PMID: 11418848						Ron Milo
405	Photosynthesis	copy numbers	number of chlorophyll per reaction center	plants	100-700	unitless	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.245					depending on illumination level	Ron Milo
406	Photosynthesis	copy numbers	number of bacteriochlorophylls per reaction center	bacteria	40-100	unitless	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.245					depending on illumination level	Ron Milo
407	DNA damage	Rates	number of depurination events	Mammalian cell	10000	bases depurinated per cell per day	R. Weinberg, The Biology of Cancer						Paul Jorgensen
408	DNA damage	Rates	number of depyrimidination events	Mammalian cell	500	bases depyrimidinated per cell per day	R. Weinberg, The Biology of Cancer						Paul Jorgensen
409	DNA damage	Rates	number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage	H. sapiens cell	10e3	bases damaged per cell per day	R. Weinberg, The Biology of Cancer						Paul Jorgensen
410	DNA damage	Rates	number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage	Rat cell	10e4	bases damaged per cell per day	R. Weinberg, The Biology of Cancer						Paul Jorgensen
411	Proteins	Diffusion rate	GFP diffusion rate in cytoplasm	E. Coli	7.7 ? 2.5	um^2/s	Elowitz, M.B. et al. (1999) Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of E. coli, J. Bacteriol 181, 197-203.	Elowitz, M.B. et al. (1999) Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of E. coli, J. Bacteriol 181, 197-203.		FRAP and photoactivation			Ron Milo
412	Proteins	Diffusion rate	GFP diffusion rate in water	Water	87	um^2/s	Elowitz, M.B. et al. (1999) Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of E. coli, J. Bacteriol 181, 197-203.	Swaminathan, R., C. P. Hoang, and A. S. Verkman. 1997. Photobleaching recovery and anisotropy decay of green fluorescent protein GFP-S65T in solution and cells: cytoplasmic viscosity probed by green fluorescent protein translational and rotational diffusion. Biophys. J. 72:1900-1907; Terry, B. R., E. K. Matthews, and J. Haseloff. 1995. Molecular characterisation of recombinant green fluorescent protein by fluorescence correlation microscopy. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217:21-27					Ron Milo
413	Proteins	Diffusion rate	GFP diffusion rate in cytoplasm	Eukaryotic	27	um^2/s	Elowitz, M.B. et al. (1999) Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of E. coli, J. Bacteriol 181, 197-203.	Swaminathan, R., C. P. Hoang, and A. S. Verkman. 1997. Photobleaching recovery and anisotropy decay of green fluorescent protein GFP-S65T in solution and cells: cytoplasmic viscosity probed by green fluorescent protein translational and rotational diffusion. Biophys. J. 72:1900-1907					Ron Milo
414	Proteins	Diffusion rate	GFP diffusion rate in mitochondria	Mitochondria	20-30	um^2/s	Elowitz, M.B. et al. (1999) Protein Mobility in the Cytoplasm of E. coli, J. Bacteriol 181, 197-203.	Partikian, A., B. Olveczky, R. Swaminathan, Y. Li, and A. S. Verkman. 1998. Rapid diffusion of green fluorescent protein in the mitochondrial matrix. J. Cell Biol. 140:821-829					Ron Milo
415	Sizes	Dimensions	Cell length at division	S. pombe	13.5	um	Das et al. (2007) MBC 18:2090-2101.			Morphometry	1.3		Paul Jorgensen
416	Biosphere	Photosynthesis	Global primary productivity - [carbon]	Biosphere	10^14	kg	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.219						Ron Milo
417	Biosphere	Atmosphere content	Total CO2	Atmosphere	8*10^14	kg	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.220						Ron Milo
418	Biosphere	lakes and oceans	Total CO2	Biosphere	400*10^14	kg	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.220						Ron Milo
419	Biosphere	Photosynthesis	Time for O2 replenishment by photosynthesis	Atmosphere	2000	years	Nobel, P. S. "Plant Physiology", 3rd ed. pp.220						Ron Milo
420	Copy number		p53	human	15 ? 6 x 10^5	unitless	Ma et al., PNAS (2005) 102:14266			Measured by ELISA, concentration ranges from 0.06 to 0.5microM depending on cell line		MCF7 breast cancer cell line	Alex Loewer
421	DNA	DNA damage	DNA double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation [DSB per Gray per cell]	human	36	unitless	Rothkamm et al., PNAS (2003) 100:5057			Average number of breaks 3min after radiation as measured by gH2AX staining		MCF7 breast cancer cell line, radiation is gamma- or X-rays	Alex Loewer
422	Proteins	Diffusion constant	Dextran (40kDa) in Drosophila cytoplasm	Drosophila	17.6 +/- 1.8 (N=20)	um^2/s	Gregor et al., 2006, PNAS			Fluorescent dextran injected into Drosophila embryo, confocal imaging, and fitting with 3D diffusion model			Lea Goentoro
423	DNA	Gene duplication	Gene duplication rate per gene per billion years	Yeast	0.01 to 0.06	gene^-1*billion years^-1	Li-zhi et al. Science 2004					A very low duplication rate in comparison to other organisms	Ron Milo
424	DNA	Mutation rates	Amino acid replacement rate [per site per year]	Generic	10^-9	year^-1	"Principles of population genetics", Hartl and Clark, 3rd. ed. pp. 323					Average rate among a large number of proteins, very close to the rate found in hemoglobin	Ron Milo
425	length	RNA	median length of a yeast RNA molecule [nucleotides]	Yeast	1474	unitless	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
426	Energy cost	RNA	median cost of precursor synthesis per nucleotide [~P]	Yeast	49.3	unitless	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).				derived from the base composition of yeast-coding regions, in units of phosphate bonds (ATP)	Ron Milo
427	copy number	RNA	median mRNA abundance	Yeast	1.2	unitless	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
428	degradation	RNA	median mRNA decay constant	Yeast	5.6*10^-4	s^-1	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
429	length	protein	median length of a yeast protein	Yeast	385	aa	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
430	Energy cost	protein	median cost of precursor synthesis per amino acid [~P]	Yeast	30.3	unitless	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
431	copy number	RNA	median protein abundance	Yeast	2460	unitless	Wagner, A., Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression, Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(6):1365-1374. 2005	Wang et al. 2002; Arava et al. 2003; Ghaemmaghami et al. 2003; Huh et al. 2003).					Ron Milo
432	copy number	polymerase	Available RNAP	E. coli	30	nM	A Arkin, J Ross, HH McAdams, Stochastic Kinetic Analysis of Developmental Pathway Bifurcation in Phage {lambda}-Infected Escherichia coli Cells, Genetics, 1998	MCCLURE, W. R., 1980 Rate-limiting steps in RNA chain initiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5634-5638 MCCLURE, W. R., 1983 A biochemical analysis of the effect of RNA polymerase concentration on the in vivo control of RNA chain initiation frequency, pp. 207-217 in Biochemistry of Metabolic Processes, Proceedings of the 12th Steenbock Symposium, edited by D. LENNON, F. STRATMAN and R. ZAHLMAN. Elsevier Scientific, New York.				1nM in a volume the size of e.coli is equivalent to about 1 molecule per cell	Ron Milo
433	copy number	ribosomes	Available ribosomes	E. coli	500	nM	A Arkin, J Ross, HH McAdams, Stochastic Kinetic Analysis of Developmental Pathway Bifurcation in Phage {lambda}-Infected Escherichia coli Cells, Genetics, 1998	MCCLURE, W. R., 1980 Rate-limiting steps in RNA chain initiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5634-5638 MCCLURE, W. R., 1983 A biochemical analysis of the effect of RNA polymerase concentration on the in vivo control of RNA chain initiation frequency, pp. 207-217 in Biochemistry of Metabolic Processes, Proceedings of the 12th Steenbock Symposium, edited by D. LENNON, F. STRATMAN and R. ZAHLMAN. Elsevier Scientific, New York.				1nM in a volume the size of e.coli is equivalent to about 1 molecule per cell	Ron Milo
434	copy number	translation	Average number of proteins per transcript	E. coli	10	unitless	A Arkin, J Ross, HH McAdams, Stochastic Kinetic Analysis of Developmental Pathway Bifurcation in Phage {lambda}-Infected Escherichia coli Cells, Genetics, 1998	KEPES 1963 ; YARCHUK et al. 1992					Ron Milo
435	Rates	translation	Ribosome + RNAn --> Ribosome?RNAn+1	E. coli	100	bp/sec	A Arkin, J Ross, HH McAdams, Stochastic Kinetic Analysis of Developmental Pathway Bifurcation in Phage {lambda}-Infected Escherichia coli Cells, Genetics, 1998	ADHYA, S. and M. GOTTESMAN, 1982 Promoter occlusion: transcription through a promoter may inhibit its activity. Cell 29:939-944; SORENSEN, M. A. and S. PEDERSEN, 1991 Absolute in vivo translation rates of individual codons in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 222:265-280; KENNELL, D. and H. RIEZMAN, 1977 Transcription and translation initiation frequencies of the Escherichia coli lac operon. J. Mol. Biol. 114:1-21				Sorensen 1991 actually reports a value which is significantly lower	Ron Milo
436	Biosphere	Osmotic pressure	Osmotic pressure of the ocean	generic	27	Atm	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_pressure					The genearal equation is: ? = iMRT where i is the van 't Hoff factor, M is the molarity, R is the gas constant, where R = 0.08206 L ? atm ? mol-1 ? K-1 T is the thermodynamic temperature	Ron Milo
437	Size	Cell size	Diameter of Bacillus subtilis	Bacillus subtilis	0.87	um	Weart et al. Cell 130:335-347 (2007)						Paul Jorgensen
438	Size	Cell size	Length of Bacillus subtilis in rich media	Bacillus subtilis	4.7	um	Weart et al. Cell 130:335-347 (2007)						Paul Jorgensen
439	Size	Cell size	Length of Bacillus subtilis in minimal sorbitol medium	Bacillus subtilis	2.3	um	Weart et al. Cell 130:335-347 (2007)						Paul Jorgensen
440	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intracellular concentration of Na+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos	Xenopus laevis	21	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
441	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intracellular concentration of K+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos	Xenopus laevis	90	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
442	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intracellular concentration of Cl- in Xenopus laevis eggs	Xenopus laevis	60	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
443	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intercellular concentration of Na+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	Xenopus laevis	91	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
444	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intercellular concentration of K+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	Xenopus laevis	4	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
445	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intercellular concentrationof Cl- in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	Xenopus laevis	59	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
446	Concentration	Ion concentration	Intercellular concentration of Ca2+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	Xenopus laevis	1.5	mM	Gillespie J.Physiol. 344:359-377 (1983)						Paul Jorgensen
447	Concentration	Nucleotide concentration	Concentration of ATP in Xenopus laevis eggs	Xenopus laevis	0.6-1	mM	Woodland and Pestell, Biochem J. 127:597-605 (1972)						Paul Jorgensen
448	Concentration	Nucleotide concentration	Concentration of GTP, CTP, and UTP in Xenopus laevis eggs	Xenopus laevis	0.2-0.6	mM	Woodland and Pestell, Biochem J. 127:597-605 (1972)						Paul Jorgensen
449	Rate	Translation rate	Translation rate of beta-galactosidase in E. coli	E. coli	13-16	aa/s	Dalbow and Young, Biochem J. 150:13-20 (1985)						Paul Jorgensen
450	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Human	46	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
451	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Mouse	40	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
452	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	8	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/	Rasch, E.M., H.J. Barr, and R.W. Rasch (1971). The DNA content of sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 33: 1-18.			Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
453	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Anopheles gambiae	6	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/	Besansky, N.J. and J.R. Powell (1992). Reassociation kinetics of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) DNA. Journal of Medical Entomology 29: 125-128.			Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
454	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Domestic cat	38	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/	Vinogradov, A.E. (1998a). Genome size and GC-percent in vertebrates as determined by flow cytometry: the triangular relationship. Cytometry 31: 100-109.			Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
455	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	rat	42	unitless	http://www.genomesize.com/	Vinogradov, A.E. (1998a). Genome size and GC-percent in vertebrates as determined by flow cytometry: the triangular relationship. Cytometry 31: 100-109.			Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus, common lab rat		Ron Milo
456	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Arabidopsis	10	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
457	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	c. elegans	12	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
458	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	gold fish	104	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
459	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Guinea Pig	16	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
460	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	gorilla	48	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
461	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	chimpanzees	48	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
462	DNA	chromosomes	Chromosome number (2n)	Adder's Tongue Fern	1262	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
463	Life history		generation time	c. elegans	4	days	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans				Notice that this is the 2n value, i.e. counting the sister chromosomes as two separate chromosomes		Ron Milo
464	DNA	genes	Number of genes	Arabidopsis	25498	unitless	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana						Ron Milo
465	Life history	longevity	Life span	c. elegans	2 to 3	weeks	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans						Ron Milo
466	RNA	mitochondrial rRNA	Mitochondrial rRNA in egg	X. laevis	20	ng	Igor and Dawid, Dev. Biol 27:504-518 (1972)						Paul Jorgensen
467	Protein	mitochondrial protein	Mitochondrial protein in egg	X. laevis	10	micrograms	Igor and Dawid, Dev. Biol 27:504-518 (1972)						Paul Jorgensen