Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Design: Difference between revisions
(New page: {{:Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/HeaderProject}} == Boby Design == === Designing the molecular robot === [[Image:Robotfold.png|250px|right|thumb|Figure 2. 3D view of origami folded body...) |
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== Boby Design == | == Boby Design == | ||
Revision as of 01:55, 1 November 2011
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<ul id="verticalmenu" class="glossymenu"> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai">Home</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="#">Experiments</a>
<ul> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Results/Electrophoresis">Electrophoresis</a> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Results/Atomic_Force_Microscope">AFM</a> </ul>
</li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Computational_design/Simulation" >Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Notes">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Team">Team</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Sendai/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li>
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Boby Design
Designing the molecular robot
The body of our molecular robot has the shape of a triangular prism. Previous to BIOMOD2011, we have never made any DNA structure. Therefore, we thought it difficult to make a 3D structure and more than that to view it.
One of the problems in visualizing this kind of structure arise from the fact that an AFM observation is done from the top of the sample surface. So, in the case of the triangular prism we may not be able to know whether what we detect is our desire structure or not.
Under the previous circumstances, we decided to make a 2D structure: a development view taken from the structure of a triangular prism. Figure 1 and figure 2 show our 2D structure design using caDNAno and its assembled view, respectively. We planned that if both ends of the 2D structure are connected by double strands between the green and red staple (Figure 3), then, our proposed structure is complete.
Figure 4. caDNAno design: Schematic design of M13mp18 (thin line colored sky-blue) and staples
Our robot moving mechanism
We considered our robot to move along a specific direction just by rolling. Our initial plan consisted in attaching the two same legs, of three different kinds, to each edge of the triangular prism. But, our simulation predicts that we could get a better performance just by solely using one kind of legs instead of using three kinds. So, we believe that our future work would comprise the experiment of one leg type for the robot, thus, improving the robot efficiency.
Procedure for cutting DNA
For producing the robot body we used the viral M13mp18 DNA single strand (M13) as scaffold. But we only used 1,108 bases of 7,249 bases ([1]), then having a leftover of around the 84% of the whole M13 sequence. In this situation we thought about cutting the part of M13 that we needed. Our first attempt was to extract the necessary part of M13 by reproducing M13 with polymerase chain reaction. But we failed. So we changed the method for cutting the M13 with now using restriction enzyme(Bal I and Pst I). Therefore, we found that the restriction enzyme method is an easy way to get and can cut near 1,108 bases. Then, we later successfully checked by electrophoresis whether the M13 sequence was properly cut.
3D DNA nanostructure
- Electrophoresis
First, we carried out electrophoresis (EP) in order to check whether the structure was correctly made. We did EP only for the M13 and did annealing for the sample mix of M13 and staples, and analyzed the difference of length between the bands. We used agarose as gel.
- Atomic force microscope
After successfully constructed the structure by EP, we observed the annealed sample by high-speed AFM. First, we observed the 2D structure. Second, as the first stage was success we proceeded to check the 3D structure.
Verification of our structure and field from the mix sample
When we carried out annealing, we added a more quantity of staples than M13s. Therefore, we tried to get rid of the over staples from sample. Because of the excess of staples, we can hardly distinguish between body structure and field.
We have three methods to separate the excess staples from sample:
- PEG (polyethylene glycol) precipitation([2])
- Freez'N squeeze ([3])
- Micro spin column by S-H400HR ([4])
These methods could remove the excess staples, however it is not sure to take safely the body structure from solution.
Leg Design
The legs of our molecular robot have certain versatility, i.e. being the same leg type or different types. In our first idea about the triangular prism robot we thought it to have three different kinds of legs for performing its rolling motion. However, our simulation program predicted the robot to have a more efficient movement by just having one type of legs [5]. In this section we would like to describe our first design where the robot utilizes three different legs, substrates and field sequences (Figure 1) for its motion mechanism. For robustness, the system is designed to have two legs of the same type in each of the three edges of the prism shape robot (Figure 2). The DNA sequences of these legs were calculated by carrying out a Monte-Carlo optimization using the Java version of DNA Design Toolbox.
Our first approach to design these three legs was based on the previous work done by Lund et al. (Nature, 2010), where they used three legs which consisted of the same sequence. For our purpose we used that sequence as the leg A (figure 3). For leg B and C, unknown sequences have been considered.
The program needs the input of each strand and define which helices exist, from here each leg and its respective field and substrate were defined as a helix. These constrains help us to describe the system in such a way where there is no possibility for the legs to base pair with the robot body.
As legs should not form base pairs with the robot body we include the whole robot body sequence.
Here, we decided to include a second sequence (sticky motif robot), in addition to the prism robot sequence, as a guarantee in case that the prism robot were not successful. Thus, in that case making only the sticky motif structure with the calculated legs.
Unknown values for the nucleotides are represented as N (any base: A, C, G or T) according to the IUPAC notation.
For carrying out the Monte-Carlo optimization, it is needed to set a random number (seed). Unfortunately, there is no relation between how good the optimized sequence is and the given random number that generate it [6]. Therefore, we selected five seeds and found between them the corresponded sequence which generated the lowest best score.
We included a 'temporary' sequence defined as the sticky part and to be complementary with the base pairing common area between the substrate and leg. This sequence was used for the sake of maintaining a unique melting temperature in all the leg sequence and, consequently, being thermostable sequences. Without this 'trick' the sequence tends to form a low GC content. Then, leading to a low melting temperature (Tm). For calculating the melting temperature of those preliminary single strand DNA sequences we used the online program DINAMelt. You can download those results by clicking here.
Furthermore, in order to connect the DNA body with the DNA legs we decided to use a T-linker instead of the BioTEG//iSp18//iSp18 linker [7] that binds to the streptavidin protein body. This linker is about 6nm. Therefore, the T-linker is made of 20 thymine nucleotides (figure 4). We believe that our linker has as well flexible properties.
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