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<font size="5" color="#000066"><i><strong>
:We developed an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot, “DNA ciliate”, toward a highly functional molecular robot like living cells.
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:<br><i>TeamJapan Tokyo developed an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot, “DNA ciliate”, toward the construction of a highly functional molecular robot like a living cell.</i><br><br>
=Project overview=
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&nbsp;&nbsp;A living cell is an ultimate highly functional molecular robot. The high functionality results from not only its various functional molecules but also its “micrometer-sized” body that has enough space to possess the molecules. However, the sizes of already-developed molecular nanomachines are too small to include many functional molecules. Toward the construction of highly functional molecular machines and molecular robots, it is required to construct molecular robots with large (i.e., micrometer-sized) bodies. Here, we propose an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot “DNA ciliate”.
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<iframe width="450" height="263" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/aze2N57tcng" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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<h2>Abstract</h2>
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A living cell is an ultimate highly functional molecular robot. The high functionality is caused by not only its various nanometer-sized functional molecules but also its “micrometer-sized” body that has enough space to possess the molecules. However, the size of already-developed molecular nano-robots is too small to include multiple functions. Toward highly functional molecular robots, it is required to construct molecular robots with micrometer-sized body. Here, we propose an autonomous DNA-based molecular robot “DNA ciliate”. A natural ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with cilia and achieves various functions such as autonomous motion with the cilia, phototaxis, etc. DNA ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with many DNAs as cilia, and it can switch three different modes in response to its external environment: the free moving mode, tracks walking mode, and light-irradiated gathering mode. We believe our concept will promote the construction of highly functional molecular robots like cells in future.</td>
<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/2c/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_three_mode_02_R.jpg" border=1 width="470" height="353"></a><br> 
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<font size="3" color="#009933">“DNA ciliate”</font>is an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot that has three independent functional modes.
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==DNA ciliate==
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<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#The_body_of_the_DNA_ciliate"><img
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“DNA ciliate” is an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot, which is inspired by water microorganisms, ciliates. A natural ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with cilia and achieves various functions such as autonomous motion with the cilia, phototaxis, etc. Similarly,<B> the DNA ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with many DNAs as cilia</B>, and it can<B> switch three different modes</B> in response to its external environment:<B> the free moving mode, the track walking mode, and the light-irradiated gathering mode.</B> (See below)
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  <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Over_view"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/9c/DNA_ciliate概念図.png" border=1 width=900></a>
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<!--<h2>Abstract</h2>
==Three independent functional modes of DNA ciliate==
{|style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0" border="1"
|A living cell is an ultimate highly-functional molecular robot. The high functionality is caused by not only their various nanometer-sized functional molecules but also its “micrometer-sized” body that has enough space to possess the molecules. However, the size of already-developed molecular nano-robots is too small to include multiple functions. Toward highly-functional molecular robots, it is required to construct molecular robots with micrometer-sized body. Here, we propose an autonomous DNA-based molecular robot “DNA ciliate”. A natural ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with cilia and achieves various functions such as autonomous motion with the cilia, phototaxis, etc. DNA ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with many DNAs as cilia, and it can switch three different modes in response to its external environment: the free moving mode, tracks walking mode, and light-irradiated gathering mode. We believe our concept will promote the construction of highly-functional molecular robots like cells in future.
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  <td><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Over_view"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/9c/DNA_ciliate概念図.png" border=1 width=420 height=315></a></td>
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<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#1._Free_moving_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d4/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_FreeMovingMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a>
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<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#2._Track_walking_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a5/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_TrackWalkingMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a>
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<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#3._Light-irradiated_gathering_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/9e/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_Right-irradiatedGatheringMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a>
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The DNA ciliate can move around in a broad range of space using the free moving mode. This mode utilizes the Brownian motion of the DNA ciliate.
<br>[[Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#1. Free moving mode|See more]]
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In the track walking mode, the DNA ciliate walk directionally along a single-stranded DNA track on a plate using the cleaving activity of deoxyribozymes attached on the body of the DNA ciliate. The deoxyribozymes cleave substrate DNA strands arrayed as the track, and help the DNA ciliate move to the region of uncleaved substrate DNA step-by-step.
<br>[[Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#2. Track walking mode|See more]]
</td>
<td style="padding: 0px 10px">
The DNA ciliates gather at a specific area where an ultraviolet (UV) light is irradiated; this is the light-irradiated gathering mode. To achieve this mode, a UV-switching DNA system based on the cis-trans isomerization of azobenzenes was designed.
<br>[[Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#3. Light-irradiated gathering mode|See more]]
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<div id="navigation"> <div id="menu" style="position:static"> <ul> <li><a class="aMain" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo">Home</a></li> <li><a class="aTeam" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Team/Students">Team</a></li> <li><a class="aProject" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project">Project</a> <!-- <ul> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Model">Model</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Devices">Devices</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Modes">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Results">Results</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Achievements">Achievements</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Future_works">Future works</a></li> </ul> --> <li><font color="#ffffff">Results</font> <ul> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Results">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Simulations">Simulations</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Achievements/DNA_Devices">DNA Design</a></li> </ul></li> <!-- <li><a class="Simulation" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Simulations">Simulations</a></li> <li><a class="DNA design" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Achievements/DNA_Devices">DNA Designs</a></li> --> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Achievements">Achievements</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project/Future_works">Future works</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Notebook/Protocols">Protocols</a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Notebook/Lab.notebook">Notes</a></li> <li><a class="aNotebook" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Sponsors/">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a class="aSitemap" href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li>

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TeamJapan Tokyo developed an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot, “DNA ciliate”, toward the construction of a highly functional molecular robot like a living cell.

Project overview

　

  A living cell is an ultimate highly functional molecular robot. The high functionality results from not only its various functional molecules but also its “micrometer-sized” body that has enough space to possess the molecules. However, the sizes of already-developed molecular nanomachines are too small to include many functional molecules. Toward the construction of highly functional molecular machines and molecular robots, it is required to construct molecular robots with large (i.e., micrometer-sized) bodies. Here, we propose an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot “DNA ciliate”.

<html><body> <iframe width="450" height="263" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/aze2N57tcng" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <br><center>This is our YouTube video.</center> </body></html>

<html> <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/2c/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_three_mode_02_R.jpg" border=1 width="470" height="353"></a><br> <font size="3" color="#000066"><i><strong> <font size="3" color="#009933">“DNA ciliate”</font>is an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot that has three independent functional modes. </strong></i></font><br><br> </html>

DNA ciliate

<html><Center> <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#The_body_of_the_DNA_ciliate"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/8/8c/DNA_ciliate_body.jpg" border=1 width="250px"></a> </Center></html>

“DNA ciliate” is an autonomous micrometer-sized molecular robot, which is inspired by water microorganisms, ciliates. A natural ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with cilia and achieves various functions such as autonomous motion with the cilia, phototaxis, etc. Similarly, the DNA ciliate has a micrometer-sized body with many DNAs as cilia, and it can switch three different modes in response to its external environment: the free moving mode, the track walking mode, and the light-irradiated gathering mode. (See below)

Three independent functional modes of DNA ciliate

<html> <td style="padding: 0px 10px"> <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#1._Free_moving_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d4/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_FreeMovingMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0px 10px"> <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#2._Track_walking_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a5/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_TrackWalkingMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0px 10px"> <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TeamJapan/Tokyo/Project#3._Light-irradiated_gathering_mode"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/9e/Biomod2011_Team_Tokyo_111101Biomod_Right-irradiatedGatheringMode_3_title.gif" border=1 width="300"></a> </td> </html>

The DNA ciliate can move around in a broad range of space using the free moving mode. This mode utilizes the Brownian motion of the DNA ciliate.
See more

In the track walking mode, the DNA ciliate walk directionally along a single-stranded DNA track on a plate using the cleaving activity of deoxyribozymes attached on the body of the DNA ciliate. The deoxyribozymes cleave substrate DNA strands arrayed as the track, and help the DNA ciliate move to the region of uncleaved substrate DNA step-by-step.
See more

The DNA ciliates gather at a specific area where an ultraviolet (UV) light is irradiated; this is the light-irradiated gathering mode. To achieve this mode, a UV-switching DNA system based on the cis-trans isomerization of azobenzenes was designed.
See more

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