Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Experiment: Difference between revisions
Naito Ushio (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Naito Ushio (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
筒作るためにステイプルをM13と混ぜて、アニーリングした。筒ができているか調べるために電気泳動とAFMで観察した。詳しいアニーリング法？ | 筒作るためにステイプルをM13と混ぜて、アニーリングした。筒ができているか調べるために電気泳動とAFMで観察した。詳しいアニーリング法？ | ||
<h2>Electrophoresis</h2> | <h2>Electrophoresis</h2> | ||
[[Image:Imashun.jpg|thumb|left| | [[Image:Imashun.jpg|thumb|left|400px]][[Image:20hannealingtsutsu2.png|thumb|none|410px]] | ||
[[Image:40hannealingtsutsu.png|thumb|left|200px]][[Image:20120906,50v, 40min,tutu,somenaosi.png|thumb|left|230px]] | |||
[[Image:20120914,body structure,50v,90min.,.png|thumb|left|200px]][[Image:20120928tutu 100v,33min41sec.png|thumb|none|300px]] | |||
[[Image:Administrator 2012-10-13 17hr 14min.png|thumb|left|200px]][[Image:Cadnanogazou.png|thumb|none|200px]] | |||
[[Image:Seiseigo0001.png|thumb|left|200px]][[Image:Seiseigo0007 - コピー.png|thumb|none|200px]] | |||
{{-}} | {{-}} | ||
We mixed M13mp18 and staples of tube and annealed them. We tried two annealing method. The one is annealing with boiled water, and the other is annealing based on ” A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads”. And we did electrophoresis using this sample. This results is following.（お湯とショーンの比較泳動結果はる）As a result of the experiment, we got that the Shawn annealing was better than annealing with boiled water. And the tube structure made on Shawn annealing was observed by AFM. This result is following.(AFM画像をはる) | We mixed M13mp18 and staples of tube and annealed them. We tried two annealing method. The one is annealing with boiled water, and the other is annealing based on ” A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads”. And we did electrophoresis using this sample. This results is following.（お湯とショーンの比較泳動結果はる）As a result of the experiment, we got that the Shawn annealing was better than annealing with boiled water. And the tube structure made on Shawn annealing was observed by AFM. This result is following.(AFM画像をはる) | ||
Revision as of 11:53, 27 October 2012
<html> <head>
<title>Team Sendai Top</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
if ($.browser.msie && $.browser.version.substr(0,1)<7)
{
$('li').has('ul').mouseover(function(){ $(this).children('ul').show(); }).mouseout(function(){ $(this).children('ul').hide(); })
}
});
</script>
<style>
body{ background-image:url(http://openwetware.org/images/7/78/Office.png); /*壁色と壁紙設定*/ background-repeat:repeat;/*繰り返さない場合はno-repeatに変更*/ font:"メイリオ", "ＭＳ Ｐゴシック", Osaka, "ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3"; color: #333333; margin:0px; padding:0px; }
- Container
{ Background-image: url(http://openwetware.org/images/6/62/Wall4.png); width: 960px; margin: auto; }
/* Main menu */
- menu
{ width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 10px 0 0 0; list-style: none; background: #111; background: -moz-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
background: -webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0, #111),color-stop(1, #444));
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: -o-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: -ms-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: linear-gradient(#444, #111); -moz-border-radius: 50px; border-radius: 50px; -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 1px #9c9c9c; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 1px #9c9c9c; box-shadow: 0 2px 1px #9c9c9c; }
- menu li
{ float: left; padding: 0 0 10px 0; position: relative; line-height: 0; }
- menu a
{ float: left; height: 25px; padding: 0 25px; color: #999; text-transform: uppercase; font: bold 12px/25px Arial, Helvetica; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #000; }
- menu li:hover > a
{ color: #fafafa; }
- html #menu li a:hover /* IE6 */
{ color: #fafafa; }
- menu li:hover > ul
{ display: block; }
/* Sub-menu */
- menu ul
{
list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: none; position: absolute; top: 35px; left: 0; z-index: 99999; background: #444; background: -moz-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: -webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0, #111),color-stop(1, #444)); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: -o-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: -ms-linear-gradient(#444, #111); background: linear-gradient(#444, #111); -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(255,255,255,.5); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(255,255,255,.5); box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(255,255,255,.5); -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px;
}
- menu ul ul
{
top: 0; left: 150px;
}
- menu ul li
{
float: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: block; -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111111, 0 2px 0 #777777; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111111, 0 2px 0 #777777; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111111, 0 2px 0 #777777;
}
- menu ul li:last-child
{
-moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none;
}
- menu ul a
{
padding: 10px;
height: 10px; width: 130px; height: auto;
line-height: 1; display: block; white-space: nowrap; float: none;
text-transform: none; }
- html #menu ul a /* IE6 */
{ height: 10px; }
- first-child+html #menu ul a /* IE7 */
{ height: 10px; }
- menu ul a:hover
{
background: #0186ba;
background: -moz-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba); background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#04acec), to(#0186ba)); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba); background: -o-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba); background: -ms-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba); background: linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba); }
- menu ul li:first-child > a
{
-moz-border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
}
- menu ul li:first-child > a:after
{
content: ''; position: absolute; left: 30px; top: -8px; width: 0; height: 0; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 8px solid #444;
}
- menu ul ul li:first-child a:after
{
left: -8px; top: 12px; width: 0; height: 0; border-left: 0; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid #444;
}
- menu ul li:first-child a:hover:after
{
border-bottom-color: #04acec;
}
- menu ul ul li:first-child a:hover:after
{
border-right-color: #04acec; border-bottom-color: transparent;
}
- menu ul li:last-child > a
{
-moz-border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px;
}
/* Clear floated elements */
- menu:after
{ visibility: hidden; display: block; font-size: 0; content: " "; clear: both; height: 0; }
- html #menu { zoom: 1; } /* IE6 */
- first-child+html #menu { zoom: 1; } /* IE7 */
/* 目次 */ div#mokuji {width: 960px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: #f5f5dc}
div#mokuji h2 { background-color: # f5f5dc; font-size: 1.50em; color: #000000; line-height: 45px; padding-left: 12px; margin-bottom: 0}
div#mokuji h3 {border-bottom:solid 3px #66aa66; font-size: 1.50em; line-height: 22px; padding-left: 12px; margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 0; clear: both}
ol#mokuji {font-size: 1.00em;
margin-left: 0;
padding-left: 0}
/*文字の設定*/
h1{ font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;
font-size: 2.00em;
letter-spacing: 2px;
padding-left:10px;
margin: 0px;
}
h2{ font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;
font-size:1.8em;
border-left: 10px solid #000066;
border-bottom:solid 1px #000099;/*文字の下に線を入れる設定*/
width:900px;
padding-left: 5px; color:#333333; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 5px; }
h3{ font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;
font-size:1.60em;
color:# 333333;
}
p{
font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif font-size:1.40em;/*全体の文字サイズ*/
line-height:150%;/*全体で使う、文字と文字の行間*/
margin-left:5px;
}
p img{
float:left;
margin-top:5px; /*写真の左にスペースを空ける*/
margin-left:5px; /*写真の左にスペースを空ける*/ margin-right:10px; /:写真と文字の間隔*/ }
h5{
font-size:1.60em;
border: solid 1px #111111;
color:#ffffff;
background-color:#FFA500; line-height: 30px; padding-left:10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 1px; }
h6{
font-size:120%;
border: solid 1px #111111;
color:#ffffff;
background-color:#006400; line-height: 30px; padding-left:10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 1px; }
- red{
font-size:120%;
border: solid 1px #111111;
color:#ffffff;
background-color:#DC143C; line-height: 40px; padding-left:10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 1px; }
- blue{
font-size:120%;
border: solid 1px #111111;
color:#ffffff;
background-color:#191970; line-height: 40px; padding-left:10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 1px; }
- pop {
width: 50%; margin: 0px; float: left; }
- pop h2 {
width: 90%; margin: 0px; float: left; }
- pop p {
width: 90%; margin: 0px; float: left; }
/*topに戻る*/
- ttop {position:fixed;bottom:140px;left:auto;margin:0 0 0 960px; /* マージン：上 右 下 左 */width:41px;height:390px;background:url(http://openwetware.org/images/e/ed/Cellgate.gif) no-repeat left bottom;}/* IE6以下用 */* html #ttop {margin:0 0 -390px 0;position:relative;bottom:490px; /* 上で設定した ttopの高さ390px＋下100px */left:960px;}#ttop:hover {background:url(http://openwetware.org/images/a/a7/029.png) no-repeat left bottom;/* 画像の高さによって適当に調整 */}a.page_top {display:block;width:41px;height:390px;}
</style>
</head>
<body> <div id="Container"> <!-- Menu --> <ul id="menu"> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Tohoku/Team_Sendai ">Home</a></li> <li><a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Idea ">Project</a></li> <li><a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Design">Design</a> </li> <li><a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Simulation">Simulation</a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Experiment ">Experiment</a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Future Application">Future Application</a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Diary">Diary</a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/TeamSendai/Team ">Team</a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Tohoku/Team Sendai/header"></a> </li>
</ul>
<div id="ttop"> <a href="#top" class="page_top" onfocus="this.blur();" onclick="scrollTo(0,0); return false;" title="Top"></a></div>
</body> </div> </html>
Gate formation
筒作るためにステイプルをM13と混ぜて、アニーリングした。筒ができているか調べるために電気泳動とAFMで観察した。詳しいアニーリング法？
Electrophoresis
We mixed M13mp18 and staples of tube and annealed them. We tried two annealing method. The one is annealing with boiled water, and the other is annealing based on ” A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads”. And we did electrophoresis using this sample. This results is following.（お湯とショーンの比較泳動結果はる）As a result of the experiment, we got that the Shawn annealing was better than annealing with boiled water. And the tube structure made on Shawn annealing was observed by AFM. This result is following.(AFM画像をはる)
This object whose shape is rectangular object may be the tube because we consider that the shape of the tube is transformed to rectangle when it is crushed by cantilever.
Then,we tried various pattern of annealing condition;the concentration of Mg and the speed of cooling.First,we compared the concentration of Mg is 8mM or 12.5mM.For the result, the yield of 12.5mM was higher than 8mM.（泳動結果をはる）Next,we compared the speed of cooling.We tried 20h annealing,(２０hアニーリングの条件を書く)40h annealing,（４０hアニーリングの条件を書く）and the annealing based on the article proposed by Dr. Shown Douglas [1].For the result, the tube annealed by 20h annealing and 40h annealing could been seen as a band when we did electrophoresis but could not been seen when we observed by AFM.On the other hand,when we observed the tube annealed by the condition based on the article proposed by Dr. Shown Douglas [1] by AFM, we could find some structual object.In general, we considered the best condition of annealing is next;the condition of Mg is 8mM and the speed of cooling is based on the article proposed by Dr.Shown.
Next,we tried to create the tube which can be decorated with cholesterol to connect it with liposome. We call this tube “connect-able tube”.When we annealed the connect-able tube and did electrophoresis,the band could be seen at the similar position compared with normal tube. For this, we consider the connect-able tube also may be created and we could find many guranular objects when we observed the connect-able tube by AFM.
AFM image
スケールバーの表示。これが筒であるという根拠。
Porter functionality
We carried out electrophoresis to see if the target moved and hybridized to Porter of higher bonding energy and if the target was successfully transported through the three Porters.
Electrophoresis
DNA sequences
| Name | Sequence (5' to 3') | Tm (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Target | ACTAGTGAGTGCAGCAGTCGTACCA | --- |
| Porter 1 | TGGTACGACAAAAAAAATGCTGCACAAAAAAAATCACTAGTAAAAAAAAAA | 54.8 |
| Porter 2 | TGGTACGACAAAAAAAAGCACTCACTAGTAAAAAAAAAA | 63.9 |
Transportation of Target by Porter
Protocol
First, we mixed Porter1 and the target for reaction.
Second, we added Porter2, expecting that the target would be passed from Porter1 to Porter2.
Finally, we added Porter3, expecting that the target would be passed from Porter2 to Porter3.We waited for 15 minutes at each step, letting the target attach to a Porter of higher bonding energy.
The final concentration of samples were follows.
The target DNA: 0.5 μM
Porter 1,2,3: 1.0 μM
Dilution was performed with 1 x TAE Mg2+. The total volume was 5 μM.
Electrophoresis were performed with:
20% acrylamide gel
1×TAE as running buffers
Constant volt 100 V, 3h
Results
If the target has passed well through Porters, bands of the target hybridizing with Porter1, 2, and 3 should appear. In the gel, bands above each Porter can be seen as the Porter hybridizing with the target.
In the first 15 minutes, Porter1 attached to the target (fig.1: lane 3). After another 15 minutes, the band of Porter1 and Porter2 hybridizing with the target were seen. In the last 15 minutes, the band of Porter1 and Porter2 and Porter3 were seen.
So the result shows that target hybridized with available Porter during the 15 minutes, and then it moved to the Porter that has higher bonding energy during another 15 minutes. Therefore, this indicates that Porters successfully work as “porter” of the target.
We also saw the gel after staining all the samples (fig.2)
Comparison of Porter and Toehold
We saw that Porter catches the target more effectively than the toehold structure by our simulations. In addition, we actually confirmed this idea through experiments.
Protocol
We compared the carrier set of the target as below.
1. Porter1 and Porter2
2. Toehold A and toehold B
First, we mixed the target and Porter1. At the same time, we also mixed the target and toehold A.Second, we added Porter2 to the sample of Porter1 and the target. At the same time, we added toehold B to the sample of toehold B and the target. We waited for 15 minutes at each step, for the sample to react.
The final concentration of samples were follows.
The target DNA: 0.5 μM
Porter 1,2,3: 1.0 μM
Toehold A,B: 1.0 μM
Dilution was performed with 1 x TAE Mg2+. The total volume was 5 μM.
Electrophoresis were performed with:
20% acrylamide gel
1×TAE as running buffers
Constant volt 100 V, 3h
Results
Similar to Transportation of Target by Porter, Porters and the target, Porter1 and Porter2 attached to the target respectively. Also, the target was passed between Porters (figure3: lane 7).
As for the toehold structure, the target hybridized with toehold B. On the other hand, in the lane of the target and toehold A, the band of the target was still strong (lane 9). So, the target didn’t hybridize with toehold A.
It follows that toehold A cannot catch the target only in 15 minutes, and that the target cannot be delivered by using toehold structures.
Therefore, we concluded that Porter structure, which has some loops, is more effective and efficient than toehold in terms of catching the target.
Cholesterol tag modification
Electrophoresis
Membrane
Making mini-gate
We prepared a preliminary step to that cell gate insert into the liposome. We designed a smaller tube and attempted to insert into liposomes using it.
Similar to the cell gate, we stretched single-stranded DNA of 10 bases that can be modified cholesterol from the side of this tube.
We attached cholesterol to the single-stranded DNA, and confirmed by electrophoresis.
We expected that these enter into the hydrophobic portion of the liposome. Then, it is likely to that the tube stick to the liposome.
Making liposome
We examined the appropriate composition of the liposome. And we decided the composition; DOPC:DSPE-PEG2000: Fructose = 100:1:1000.
General methods for formation and functional analysis of liposome with DNA
At first, the lipids mixture as follows was prepared.
DOPC 5mM 10μL
DSPE-PEG2000 0.5mM 1μL
Fructose 10mM 50μL
Tube 20μL
Chloroform 70μL
We dry a sample of that composition under argon gas condition.
For liposome formation, 125μL of 1×TAE Mg2+ were added and incubate for 1 h at room temperature.
When indicated, 1 mM Lucifer Yellow fluorescein was added 1/50 fold of total volume (20 μM final). For DNA staining 1/100 fold Hoechst was added after liposome formations. Fluorescence of DNA by Hoechst was observed by a fluorescence microscope.
As this picture, we observed liposome. So there seems to be some liposome.
Confirming Gate attaches to the membrane
We use fluorescein to confirm that the tube insert into the liposome.
For example, We put Lucifer Yellow fluorescein into big liposome and made a hole using the α- Hemorijin into liposomes. Then, we observed that fluorescein was flowing out from it. Alpha-hemolysin is toxin which makes a hole in the cell and is often used in experiments liposome system.
The figure shows that fluorescein flowing out from a liposome.
Therefore, we are sure that observing fluorescein would be a confirmatory experiment which our tube stuck to the liposome or not.
This is the image of the vesicle which putting α-hemolysin. Dotted yellow line is the position of vesicle.And yellow line area is a domain of a graph expressed by "FigureA2'"'
This is the gray scale graph using ImageJ soft.The area of this graph is expressed by FigureA1's yellow line. Z-axis's gray scale is separated to 256 gradation.The differences between maximum and minimum of the gray scale are about 0 gradation.
This is the image only vesicles. Yellow line area is a domain of a graph expressed by "FigureB2'"'
This is the gray scale graph using ImageJ soft.The area of this graph is expressed by FigureB1's yellow line. Z-axis's gray scale is separated to 256 gradation.The differences between maximum and minimum of the gray scale are about 10 gradation.
This is the image of the vesicle which putting the cholesterol modified mini "cylinder". Yellow line area is a domain of a graph expressed by "FigureC2'"'
This is the gray scale graph using ImageJ soft.The area of this graph is expressed by FigureC1's yellow line. Z-axis's gray scale is separated to 256 gradation.The differences between maximum and minimum of the gray scale are about 5 gradation.
Biacore
What's Biacore?
Biacore is the device that monitors the interaction between the biological molecules using optical phenomena called surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in real time, without the use of labels. To study an interaction, one of the interaction partners is immobilized onto the sensor surface of a Biacore sensor chip. Immobilization occurs by direct coupling to the surface or via a suitable molecule already coupled to the surface. It is necessary to choose the most suitable sensor tip by contents of the kind of molecules to immobilize and the analysis.
We used sensor tip L1. The matrix is that: lipophilic groups are covalently attached to carboxymethylated dextran, making the surface suitable for direct attachment of lipid membrane vesicles such as liposomes. After attachment, the lipid bilayer structure is retained, facilitating the study of interactions involving transmembrane receptors in membrane-like environments.
Immobilization of lipid
1. Set a sensor tip L1 and running buffer on the SPR sensor.
2. Inject 5% Triton X-100 25 μL when the sensor gram becomes steady.
3. Inject lipid suspended in running buffer 100 μL when the sensor gram becomes steady again.
4. Inject 10mM NaOH 5 μL.
5. Inject the lipid 50 μL.
6. Inject 10mM NaOH 5 μL.
7. Repeat 5-6 until the baseline of the sensor gram does not rise.
8. Check the rise in RU levels is 100 RU or under after injection of 100 μg/mL BSA 25 μL.
Running buffer: 10 mM HEPES 150 mM NaCl pH =7.0
BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin
Measurements of samples
Inject sample 10 μL and start measurement. After end of measurement, inject 10 mM NaOH 5 μL. It is necessary to unify measurement time and RU levels when inject sample.
Sample 1:
min-gate (4.2 nM) 50 μL
Cholesterol 12 μL
Running buffer 38 μL
Sample2:
min-gate 50 (4.2 nM) μL
Running buffer 50 μL
Results
