Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Results: Difference between revisions
| Line 166: | Line 166: | ||
<li>We found that catalase molecules as catalytic engines could emit sufficient amount of bubbles for the rail-free movement. | <li>We found that catalase molecules as catalytic engines could emit sufficient amount of bubbles for the rail-free movement. | ||
<li>We found that platinum particles as a catalytic engines could emit sufficient amount of bubbles for rail-free movement. | <li>We found that platinum particles as a catalytic engines could emit sufficient amount of bubbles for rail-free movement. | ||
<li>We found that the H<sub>2<sub>O<sub>2</sub> did not affect the stability of DNA linkers for attaching catalytic engines to the body in the H<sub>2<sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution. | <li>We found that the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> did not affect the stability of DNA linkers for attaching catalytic engines to the body in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution. | ||
</ol></body></html> | </ol></body></html> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 22:57, 26 October 2012
<html> <head> <style type="text/css"> /* ====================
主に全体に関わるCSS
==================== */ body.mediawiki {
font-size: 14px;
background-image:url(http://openwetware.org/images/2/2d/TNJback.png); background-repeat: repeat; font-family: Calibri, Verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; }
h1 {
padding: 0px 20px 5px 20px;
font-size: 34px;
line-height: 40px;
font-weight: bold;
}
h2 {
padding: 20px 20px 5px 20px;
font-size: 25px;
color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;
font-weight: bold;
}
h2 a {
color: #eb8300;
}
h3 {
padding: 20px 20px 5px 20px;
font-size: 20px;
color: #000;
font-decoration: none;
font-weight: bold;
}
h1.firstHeading {
display: none;
}
p { text-align: justify; } a:link { color: #00a5ea; text-decoration: none } a:visited { color:#00a5ea; text-decoration: none } a:hover {
color: #eb8300;
text-decoration: none } a:active { color:#f29400; text-decoration: none } #content{ margin: 0px 0 0px 0; align: center; padding: 12px 12px 12px 12px; width: 946px; background-color: #ffff; border: 0; } #bodyContent{ width: 970px; margin: 150px auto 0 auto; align: center; background-color: #ffffff; } #globalWrapper{ margin: 20px 0 0 0; width:994px; background-color: #ffffff; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto } #biomodlink{ position:absolute;top:0px; width:970px;height:20px; background-color: #ffffff; margin:3px auto 3px auto }
/* ====================
メニューの画像を変更できる部分 ==================== */
#header {
margin: 0 auto 0 auto;
position:absolute;
top:28px; width:968px;height:189px;
background-color: #FFFFFF; background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-image: url(http://openwetware.org/images/7/74/Title-LOGO6.jpg);
} /* ====================
以下、特殊なclassに適用される ==================== */
#navigation { position:absolute;
top:120px; width:970px; height:92px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
color: #0000FF; }
/* ====================
ここからプルダウン周辺のデザイン ==================== */
- menu * {
margin: 0; padding: 0; }
- menu {
position:absolute;
font-family: calibri, verdana, sans-serif;
font-color: #000000;
background-color: transparent; float:left; display: block; }
- menu ul {
position:relative;
float: left; text-align:center; list-style: none; }
- menu li {
background-color:yellow;
position:relative;
float:left;
width: 136px;
font-size: 23px;
font-weight: bold;
border:ridge 0px #FFFFFF; }
- menu li.ach {
background-color:yellow;
position:relative;
float:left;
width: 162px;
font-size: 23px;
font-weight: bold;
border:ridge 0px #FFFFFF; }
- menu li.sup {
background-color:yellow;
position:relative;
float:left;
width: 109px;
font-size: 17px;
font-weight: bold;
border:ridge 0px #FFFFFF; }
- menu li.none {
background-color:yellow;
position:relative;
float:left;
width: 152px;
font-size: 17px;
font-weight: bold;
border:ridge 0px #FFFFFF; }
- menu a {
color: #000000; display:block; text-decoration: none; }
- menu a:hover {
background-color:gold; }
- column-one { display:none; width:0px;}
.container{background-color: #ffffff; margin-top:0px} .OWWNBcpCurrentDateFilled {display: none;}
- footer{position: center; width: 994px}
@media screen {
body { background: #F5F5F5 0 0 no-repeat; /* changed default background */ }
} </style> </head> <BODY> <div id="biomodlink"> <<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod">BIOMOD</a>|<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012">2012</a>|Titech Nano-Jugglers </div> <div id="header"> <div id="navigation"> <div id="menu"> <ul> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers"><br>Home<br><br></a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Team/Students"><br>Team<br><br></a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Project"><br>Project<br><br></a></li> <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Results">Results<br>&<br>Methods</a></font></li> <li class="ach"><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Achievements"><br>Achievements<br><br></a> <li class="sup"><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Protocols"><br>Suppl. Info.<br><br></a></li> <li class="none"><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2012/Titech/Nano-Jugglers/Acknowledgement"><br>Acknowledgements<br><br></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </BODY> </html>
Results
| <html><body><td align="center" width="300px"><A href=#0._Construction_of_Biomolecular_Rocket title="Body"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b5/BM.jpg" border=0 width=310 height=240></a></td></body></html> |
Construction of Biomolecular Rocket
| ||
| <html><body><A href=#1._Power_supply_for_the_rail-free_movement_of_Biomolecular_Rocket title="Rail-free"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/7/7f/Rail-free%E3%80%80movement_kinesin.jpg" border=0 width=310 height=220></a></body></html> Power supply for the rail-free movement of Biomolecular Rocket |
<html><body><A href=#2._Realization_of_high-speed_movement_of_Biomolecular_Rocket title="High-speed"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/8/89/High-speed_movement.jpg" border=0 width=310 height=220></a></body></html> Realization of high-speed movement of Biomolecular Rocket |
<html><body><A href=#3._Introduction_of_a_photo-switchable_DNA_system_for_the_directional_control title="Control"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/dd/Control_image.jpg" border=0 width=310 height=220></a></body></html> Introduction of a photo-switchable DNA system for the directional control |
|
|
|
0. Construction of Biomolecular Rocket
| <html><body><font size="5">We constructed Biomolecular Rocket with a microbead, catalysts, and designed DNAs.</font></body></html> Biomolecular Rocket is composed of a micrometer-sized body and many catalytic engines. The body consists of a microbead with a diameter of 10 μm, and catalytic engines consist of platinum nanoparticles or catalase molecules. The catalytic engines are conjugated to the body using a DNA-based linker in a spatially selective manner.
>>see more methods
|
<html><body><td align="center"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/4d/Charts.jpg" border=0 width=200 height=440></a></td></body></html> |
0.1. Selective coating of the body
<html><body><font size="5">We succeeded in selective coating of a micrometer-sized bead by vapor deposition of Au and Cr.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
<html><body><td align="center"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a5/Vapor_deposition.jpg" border=0 width=330 height=110></a></td></body></html> - >>see more methods
- Figure 0.1a, b and c are microscope images of 40 μm microbeads. Figure 0.1a shows microbeads before vapor deposition of metals. Figure 0.1b shows microbeads after vapor deposition of Au on the microbeads. Figure 0.1c shows microbeads after additional vapor deposition of Cr on the Au-deposited microbeads. The microbeads had three types of surface areas because the angular alignment of the beads was changed when Cr was deposited on the Au-deposited microbeads.
- Similarly, Figure 0.1e, f and g are microscope images of 10 μm microbeads. Figure 0.1e shows microbeads before vapor deposition of metals. Figure 0.1f shows microbeads after vapor deposition of Au on the microbeads. Figure 0.1g shows microbeads after additional vapor deposition of Cr on the Au-deposited microbeads. The 10 μm microbeads probably had three types of surface areas. From these result, we conclude that selective coating of microbeads for Biomolecular Rocket was achieved.
| <html><body><nobr>40 μm silica beads</nobr></body></html> | a
|
b
|
c
|
| <html><body><nobr>10 μm polystyrene beads</nobr></body></html> | d
|
e
|
f
|
| <html><body><nobr>Image of micro-beads</nobr></body></html> | <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d5/Polystyrene.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=180></body></html> | <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/41/After_first_deposition.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=180></body></html> | <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/30/After_second_deposition.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=180></body></html> |
| Fig. 0.1 Selective coating of micro-beads by vapor deposition. | |||
0.2. Design of linker DNA strands
- <html><body><font size="5">We designed DNA sequences for the linkers to attach catalytic engines to the microbead body.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
| We designed two kinds of DNA sequences with different stability. One is DNA sequence L. This sequence forms a very stable duplex with its complementary sequence L* at a room temperature. Another is DNA sequence S. The duplex of DNA sequence S and S* has less stability than DNA sequence L and L* but is stable at a room temperature. |
|
- Figure 0.2a and 0.2b show calculated melting profiles of duplexes L-L* and S-S*, respectively. Calculated melting temperatures of these duplexes were higher than a room temperature.
a
|
b
|
| Fig. 0.2. (a) The melting profile of duplex L-L*. (b) The melting profile of duplex S-S*. RT and Tm indicate a room temperature (24°C) and a melting temperature, respectively. We calculated the melting profiles using NUPACK software. | |
0.3. Selective DNA conjugation to the microbead body of Biomolecular Rocket
0.3.1. Selective conjugation of DNA to polystyrene surface area
<html><body><td align="center"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/f5/Polystyrene_EDAC.jpg" border=0 width=300 height=240></a></td></body></html> <html><body><font size="5">We succeeded in selective DNA conjugation to the polystyrene surface area of the microbead body.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
We conjugated amino-modified DNA sequence L* to the calboxylated polystyrene surface area of the microbead body with amide binding. To investigate the selective conjugation of L*, we hybridized a fluorophore-modified DNA sequence L with L* on the body and observed the DNA-conjugated microbead bodies.
- >>see more methods
- Figure 0.3.1a, b, and c are bright-field microscope images of selectively-coated microbead bodies (10 μm in diameter). Figure 0.3.1a', b', and c' are fluorescence microscope images of the selectively-coated microbead bodies. Figure 0.3.1a and a' shows selectively DNA-L*-conjugated microbeads with fluorophore-modified DNA L. Fluorescence of L was observed only where the polystyrene surface was exposed after the vapor deposition of metal. Figure 0.3.1b and b' shows selectively DNA-L*-conjugated microbeads without fluorophore-modified DNA L, and no fluorescence was observed. Figure 0.3.1c and c' shows non-DNA-conjugated microbeads with fluorophore-modified DNA L, and no fluorescence was observed. From these results, we conclude that selective conjugation of DNA L* to polystyrene surface area of the microbead bodies was achieved.
<html><body><nobr>Bright-field microscope images</nobr></body></html> a 
b 
c 
<html><body><nobr>Fluorescence microscope images</nobr></body></html> a' 
b' 
c' 
<html><body><nobr>Experimental conditions<nobr></body></html> <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d3/EDACBEADS1.JPG" border=0 width=220 height=120></a></body></html> <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/38/EDACBEADS2.JPG" border=0 width=220 height=120></a></body></html> <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/23/EDACBEADS3.JPG" border=0 width=220 height=120></a></body></html> Fig. 0.3.1. Microscope images of the microbead bodies of Biomolecular Rocket. (a) and (a') Selectively DNA-conjugated microbeads with complementary fluorophore-modified DNA. (b) and (b') Selectively DNA-conjugated microbeads without complementary fluorophore-modified DNA. (c) and (c') non-DNA-conjugated microbeads with complementary fluorophore-modified DNA.
0.3.2. Selective conjugation of DNA to metal surface area
<html><body><td align="center" width="150px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/8/87/Metal_SAM.jpg" border=0 width=300 height=240></a></td></body></html> <html><body><font size="5">We succeeded in selective DNA conjugation to the Au surface area of the microbead body.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
We conjugated thiol-modified DNA sequence S* to the Au surface area of the microbead body with Au-thiol bonding. To confirm the selective conjugation of S* to an Au surface, we observed an Au-deposited cover glass after DNA conjugation instead of selectively Au-coated microbeads after DNA conjugation. We investigated the wetting properties of the Au surface before and after DNA conjugation because the wetting investigation showed the selective conjugation of DNA more clearly than the fluorescence observation like Fig. 0.3.1.
- >>see more methods
- Figure 0.3.2a shows the Au glass plate with a non-DNA spot (1), a non-thiol-modified DNA spot (2), and a thiol-modified DNA spot (3). Only at the spot (3), residual water was observed. The water remained by the wetting property of the spot (3); the higher wetting property of spot (3) than those of spots (1) and (2) was expected to be caused by the Au surface with thiol-modified DNA conjugation. Therefore, we conclude that selective conjugation of thiol-modified DNA to the Au surface area of the microbead body was also achieved.
a 
|
b 
|
| c <html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/1a/Auplate1.jpg" border=0 width=700 height=210></a></body></html> | |
| Figure 0.3.2. (a) An Au glass plate with a non-DNA spot (1), a non-thiol-modified DNA spot (2), and a thiol-modified DNA spot (3). (b) A layout drawing of the spots (1)-(3). (c) Experimental condition for the spots (1)-(3). | |
0.4. Catalyst attachment with DNA hybridization
<html><body><td align="center"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/19/Conjugation_catalyst.jpg" border=0 width=300 height=230></a></td></body></html> <html><body><font size="5">Catalyst engines are attached to the microbead body of Biomolecular Rocket with DNA hybridization reactions between L and L<sup>*</sup>, and S and S<sup>*</sup>.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
- >>see more methods
- From the results of sections 0.1 and 0.3, a selectively DNA-conjugated microbead body of Biomolecular Rocket is constructed. In addition, we make catalytic engines with DNA-tag sequences (L and S) that are complementary to the DNA sequences (L* and S*) on the body. After mixing the DNA-tagged catalytic engines and selectively DNA-conjugated body, Biomolecular Rocket is constructed in a self-assembled manner.
<html><body><div style="line-height:40px"><font color="red">1. Power supply for the rail-free movement of<br> Biomolecular Rocket</font></div></body></html>
| <html><body><font size="5">We achieved the power supply for the rail-free movement of Biomolecular Rocket.</font></body></html> We utilized H2O2 for fuel and catalysts of H2O2 for catalytic engines to realize the rail-free movement of Biomolecular Rocket. Catalysts such as platinum and catalase catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to H2O and O2; emitted bubbles of O2 launch Biomolecular Rocket. Here, we investigated the following points to realize the power supply for the rail-free movement of Biomolecular Rocket.
|
<html><body><td align="center"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b3/WikiRFBM.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=240></a></td></body></html> |
1.2. Power supply for rail-free movement by using catalase catalytic engine
- <html><body><font size="5">We scceeded in rail-free movement by taking advantage of catalase catalytic ability.</font></body></html>
- Catalase has Catalytic ability of decomposing H2O2, like platinum. We conjugated catalase to the polystyrene hemisperical area, so this catalase hemispherical bead moves by emission of O2 bubbles without rails.
- >>see more methods
- Figure 1.2 reveals the movement of 10 μm catalase hemisphere in solution of 3% H2O2. We can easily distinguish catalase conjugated bead or natural bead in that their movement in solution of 3% H2O2 is very different. Natural beads didn't move at all, on the other hand, catalase hemisphere emitted bubbles and moved quickly. From this result, we realized power supply for rail-free movement by using catalase catalytic engine.
|
<html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/1b/Crf.jpg" border=0 width=320 height=240></body></html> |
1.3. Power supply for rail-free movement by using platinum catalytic engine
- <html><body><font size="5">We achieved bubble emissions with platinum micro-particles in solution of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</font></body></html>
- We provided 1 μm platinum particles, and Cr coating to create platinum hemispherical area. Then added 3% H2O2 solution and observed their movement.
- >>see more methods
- Movie 1.3 reveals the catalytic reaction of 3% H2O2 and 1 μm beads that have platinum hemispherical area. We can recognize that bubbles are emitted in H2O2 solution. These bubbles are emitted from 1 μm beads that have platinum hemispherical area by decomposing H2O2. From this result, we conducted that Power supply for rail-free movement by using platinum catalytic engine was achieved.
|
<html><body><td align="center" width="150px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/8/89/Simple_beads.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=180></a></td></body></html> |
1.3. DNA hybridization in solution of H2O2
- <html><body><font size="5">We succeeded in DNA hybridization in 1%-5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution stably.</font></body></html>
- To visualize the stability of DNA duplex in 1%-5% H2O2 solution, we used PAGE electrophoresis. It shows the difference of molecular weight of nucleic acid that comes from denaturetion or hybridization in the form of bands.
- >>see more methods
- Figure 1.1 is a image of DNA hybridization after immersing in solution of H2O2. Lane 1, 2, 3, and 8 show dsDNA, that is hybridized after immersing in solution of 0%-5% H2O2 for 90 minutes. Lane 4, 5, 6, and 7 show ssDNA, after immersing in solution of 0%-5% H2O2 for 90 minutes. Influence of H2O2 solution within 90 minutes was a bit for DNA hybridizing, because the lines of dsDNA appear in the same positions. Also influence of H2O2 solution within 90 minutes was a bit for ssDNA in that the lines of ssDNA appear in the same positions. From this results, we achieved DNA hybridization in solution of H2O2.
Fig. 1.1 Results of DNA hybridization after immersing in solution of H2O2
dsDNA bands show in lane 1, 2, 3 & 8. In lane 4, 5, 6 & 7 show ssDNA bands. Lane 1 & 8 are the same, lane 2 & 3 are immersed in H2O2 solution (1% and 5%) for 90 minutes. In lane 5 & 7 show the results of ssDNA in solution of H2O2. In lane 4 & 6 are the control bands of ssDNA.
2. Realization of high-speed movement of Biomolecular Rocket
|
<html><body><font size="5">We achieved high-speed movement of Biomorecular Rocket by bubble emission.</font></body></html>
|
<html><body><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/26/Hst.jpg" width=300 height=230></body></html> |
2.1. Power supply for high-speed movement with platinum catalytic engines
- <html><body><font size="5">We succeeded in high speed movement with use of 0.15-0.40 μm platinum catalytic engins.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
a
<html><iframe width="440" height="330" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/7pBw4FWEt3I" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>
b
<html><iframe width="440" height="330" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/E1rtI0mS5Zs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>
Movie. 2.1 Analyses of the speed of platinum in solution of H2O2.
(a) Platinum movement in solution of H2O2 (b) Analises of the speed of plutinum by High-speed camera
- Movie 2.1b disclosed the values of Acceleration, Velocity, Coordinate x, and Coordinate y of platinum movement. Not only that, by observation of these values, we could determine relationships between bubble radius growth and the speed of platinum, so we were able to simulate of movement of Biomolecular Rocket.
2.2. Comparison of the velocity among Biomolecular rocket and kinesin
- <html><body><font size="5">Biomolecular Rocket moved at ten times faster than kinesin moves, twice faster than usual platinum motor without DNA in simulation.</font></body></html>
- >>see more simulation models
- >>see more methods
- Figure 2.2 shows mean velocity of kinesin motor, 10 μm sized bead that have platinum hemispherical area (catalytic motor without DNA), and 10 μm of Biomolecular Rocket. The velocity of Biomolecular Rocket is calculated as 11.2 μm/s, the velocity of catalytic motor without DNA is 6.8 μm/s. We assumed that Kinesin will move straightforward at 1.0 μm/s, therefore, we can speculate that biomolecular rocket will move faster than kinesin, and surface enlargement of catalyst will surely increase the speed of Biomolecular Rocket.
Fig. 2.2 Image of each molecular motor’s velocity with time
3. Introduction of a photo-switchable DNA system for the directional control
|
<html><body><font size="5">We developed a photo-switchable DNA system for directional control with photoresponsive DNA.</font></body></html>
|
<html><body><td align="center" width="150px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/8/8a/DC.jpg" border=0 width=300 height=230></a></td></body></html> |
3.1. Design of photoresponsive DNA
<html><body><td align="center" width="150px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/45/Photo_design.jpg" border=0 width=210 height=210></a></td></body></html> <html><body><font size="5">We designed photoresponsive DNA strands for achieving photo-switchable DNA system.</font></body></html>
>>see more methods
We designed photoresponsive DNA that can hybridize stably with its cDNA. To visualize the conformation of photoresponsive DNA, we analyze Abs of photoresponsive DNA. Numerical values of Abs depends on the concentration of material corresponding to the absorption wavelength.
- We called DNA as A:Photoresponsive DNA sequence S, and B:Photoresponsive DNA sequence S*. Figure 3.1 reveals that Abs of A+B around 260nm was below those of A and B, and also Abs of A+B around 330 nm was less than that of A. This is because the concentration of azobenzene decreased by hybridization of A with B.
- Calculation of an average absorbance of A and B Abs around 260 nm, theorical value of A+B was 0.168. Compared to this, measured value of absorbance was 22.6% lower. We thought this difference comes from formation of DNA duplex and interactions between base pairs, so the UV absorbance decreased relative to single strands.
- In this point, we believe that the complementary photo-responsive DNAs can form duplex. So, we concluded that these results mean A and B hybridized successfully.
| a |
b |
| Fig.3.1 Abs of photoresponsive DNA results, wave length around 260 nm reveals the concentration of DNA. Around 330 nm reveals the concentration of trans-formed azobenzene. | |
3.2. Directional control with photo-switchable DNA system
<html><body><td align="center" width="150px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/f3/Azobenzene_image_dissociation.jpg" border=0 width=240 height=180></a></td></body></html> <html><body><font size="5">We have scceeded in a photo-switchable DNA system.</font></body></html>
- >>see more methods
Photo-switchable DNA duplex can easily dissociate its duplex by irradiating UV-light. We put this switching system in the rocket in order to control Biomolecular Rocket. To visualize a photo-switchable DNA system, we observeded absorbance.
- >>see more methods
- For investigating the relationship between the strength of UV light and the time for dissociation, to determine the valid time, we examined 2 type of UV light. Figure 3-2.1 represents spctrum of Abs in condition of UV-light(30 mW/cm2) irradiation. Abs of A+B around 260 nm was increasing gradually from 0 minutes to 5 minutes. This result means dsDNA was completely dissociated after irradiating UV-light for 5 minutes. Moreover, Abs of A+B around 330 nm was decreasing from 0 minutes to 5 minutes. This means trans-formed azobenzene changed its form to cis-formation. Therefore, we achieved photoresponsive DNA which was designed by us would be dissociated by irradiating UV-light for 5 minutes.
a
|
b
|
| Fig. 3.2.1 Spectrum analysis of photoresponsive DNA duplex(A+B) in condition of UV-light(30 mW/cm2) irradiation | |
- Then, we tested the dissociation of photoresponsive DNA under the condition of different strength of UV-light(180 mW/cm2). First, from Figure 3.2.2b, we could confirm that dsDNA was dissociated gradually from 0 seconds to 50 seconds because maximum Abs around 260 nm was increasing. Second, Figure 3.2.2c shows that trans-formed azobenzene decreased because Abs around 330 nm was decreasing from irradiation for 0 seconds to 50 seconds. Finally, Figure 3.2.2 shows cis-formed azobenzene increased. As we did experiences for many times, we noticed that there was maximum wave length around 480 nm. By researching, we reached the fact that Abs around 480 nm shows the existence of cis-formed azobenzene. So, we can say that cis-formed azobenzene increased because Abs around 480 nm was increasing from irradiation for 0 seconds to 50 seconds. To summarize, we concluded that photo-seichable DNA system works in 50 seconds' irradiation of UV-light(180 mW/cm2). In brief, we can conclude that photoresponsive dsDNA was dissociated completely in the irradiation of UV-light (180 mW/cm2) for 50 seconds.
- From these results, we conducted that Dissociation of photoresponsive DNA by UV-light irradiation was achived.
a
|
b
|
c
|
d
|
| Fig. 3.2.2 Spectrum analysis of photoresponsive DNA duplex(A+B) in condition of UV-light(180 mW/cm2) irradiation | |
3.3. Control direction of Biomolecular Rocket movement in simulation
- <html><body><font size="5">Biomolecular Rocket surely changes its direction by a photo-switchable DNA system , nevertheless they are affected by viscous resistance force and Brownian dynamics.</font></body></html>
- >>see more simulation models
- >>see more methods
- Figure 3.3 is a Pathways of 10um sized Biomolecular Rockets images. Each pathways show the movement of the Biomolecular Rocket which detaches catalytic engines after the Biomolecular Rocket is irradiated UV light at 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds passed, and a pathway with no irradiation of UV Light.
- From Figure 3.3, we concluded that the Biomolecular Rocket can change its direction immediately after whole dissociation of engines have occurred, nevertheless viscous resistance and Brownian movement prevented their controlled movement. Considering about the results of “Directional control with photo-switchable DNA system”, the Biomolecular Rocket needs a little more time to change its direction after irradiation of the UV light. From these results, we found that Biomolecular Rocket surely changes its direction in simulation.
|
| Fig. 3.3 Pathways of 10um sized Biomolecular Rockets. Each pathways show the movement of the Biomolecular Rocket which detaches catalytic engines after the Biomolecular Rocket is irradiated UV light at 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds passed, and a pathway with no irradiation of UV Light. |
- If you want to see all of our methods, click here
