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A quick and accurate detection of bioagents such as toxins and clinically significant biomarkers plays an essential role in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and even in military. One approach for detecting bioagents is the use of biosensors. Biosensors are biologically derived chemical sensing device that recognizes a presence of a certain molecule and outputs a measurable signal in response. It is composed of two parts: the bio-element that recognizes a specific analyte, or bioagent, and the transducer that converts the recognition into a readily detectable output signal. | A quick and accurate detection of bioagents such as toxins and clinically significant biomarkers plays an essential role in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and even in military. One approach for detecting bioagents is the use of biosensors. Biosensors are biologically derived chemical sensing device that recognizes a presence of a certain molecule and outputs a measurable signal in response. It is composed of two parts: the bio-element that recognizes a specific analyte, or bioagent, and the transducer that converts the recognition into a readily detectable output signal. | ||
[[Image:BiosensorEnzyme.png | frame | center | Fig. 1: A Biosensor Enzyme ( | [[Image:BiosensorEnzyme.png | frame | center | Fig. 1: A Biosensor Enzyme (Adapted from [[Biomod/2013/Harvard/References#General | Mohanty et al, 2006]])]] | ||
==Modular Platform for Allosteric Switches== | ==Modular Platform for Allosteric Switches== | ||
Revision as of 11:40, 19 June 2013
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HARVARD
BIODESIGN
BIOMOD 2013
-
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard"><li>HOME</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/introduction"><li>INTRODUCTION</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/design"><li>DESIGN</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/methods"><li>METHODS</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/protocols"><li>PROTOCOLS</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/team"><li>TEAM</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/lab"><li>LAB NOTEBOOK</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/results"><li>RESULTS</li></a></html>
<html><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Harvard/references"><li>REFERENCES</li></a></html>
Introduction
Biosensors
A quick and accurate detection of bioagents such as toxins and clinically significant biomarkers plays an essential role in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and even in military. One approach for detecting bioagents is the use of biosensors. Biosensors are biologically derived chemical sensing device that recognizes a presence of a certain molecule and outputs a measurable signal in response. It is composed of two parts: the bio-element that recognizes a specific analyte, or bioagent, and the transducer that converts the recognition into a readily detectable output signal.
Modular Platform for Allosteric Switches
One type of biosensors is protein allosteric switches. Many proteins change conformation upon binding to a specific molecule, and these have been engineered so that conformational change due to binding activates
"Our long-term goal is to develop a modular platform for peptide biosensing in which several input and output domains can be independently optimized using a combination of directed evolution and rational design methods, then combined to create a sensor with the desired input-output functions."
Input
The goal of the input team is to improve the binding and switching activity of the BlaCaM protein with respect to a previously non-functional analyte. A successful evolution would demonstrate the ability of the BlaCaM switch to sense different molecules, highlighting its potential as a biosensor component. BlaCaM is a fusion of two proteins, a calmodulin center with two halves of β-lactamase attached to the N- and C-termini. Calmodulin displays large conformational changes when it binds to both calcium and varying peptides. These conformational changes adjust the position of the two β-lactamase halves relative to each other, greatly affecting the activity of the enzyme. The ability to turn on or off the activity of the attached enzyme depending on the presence of an analyte gives the BlaCaM protein the ability to act as a sensor. By evolving BlaCaM to bind to different peptides or small molecules, the protein can be made into a sensor for a wide array of compounds. Adapting the BlaCaM switch is performed via directed evolution, where random mutations of the switch are screened and selected for increased effectiveness, and this process is iterated until a satisfactory new switch has been created.
The main method driving our directed evolution is bacterial display. In bacterial display, the mutated BlaCaM proteins are displayed upon the surface of bacterial, allowing the proteins to interact with compounds outside of the bacterial. To move the proteins to the outside of the cell, their genes are cloned into bacteria fused to a transporter protein that facilitates transport from the cytoplasm to the surface of the tell. These displaying bacteria are then washed over a media displaying anchored versions of our analyte. Displayed proteins that have been successfully mutated to bind to the analyte will remain fixed to the media, while unsuccessful mutations will be washed away. The bound bacteria are then concentrated, isolated, and analyzed to determine the sequence of the evolved proteins displayed upon their surfaces. 
Output
Project Goals:
- Create a GlucCaM that outputs G.Luc. chemiluminescence upon conformational change of CaM
- Optimize GlucCaM's dynamic range and gain
- Engineer GlucCaM to be reversible
