Biomod/2013/Sendai/design: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 October 2013

/********************** Hide MediaWiki and init CSS, overwrite by bootstrap.css バルス**********************/

body{

background:none;

} html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video{

margin:0;
padding:0;
/* font-size:100%; */
 border:0;
outline:0;

} a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active{

text-decoration:none

}

/*訪れたリンクを白くするよ*/ .whiteSendai:visited{

color:#FFFFFF!important;

}

/*左詰め、真ん中、右詰め*/ .leftSendai { text-align: left; } .centerSendai { text-align: center; } .rightSendai { text-align: right; }

.firstHeading {

display:none;

}

content{

border-style:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;

}

globalWrapper{

font-size:100%;

}

contentSub{

display:none;

}

column-one{

display:none;

}

footer{

display:none;

}

globalWrapper{

font-size:100%;

}

bodyContent h1, #bodyContent h2{

 margin-top: 20px;
 margin-bottom: 10px;

}

bodyContent h3{

 margin-top: 20px;
 margin-bottom: 10px;
 border-bottom-width: medium;
 border-bottom-style: solid;
 border-bottom-color: gray;

}

bodyContent h4{

 margin-top: 20px;
 margin-bottom: 10px;
 border-bottom-width: thin;
 border-bottom-style: solid;
 border-bottom-color: gray;

}

bodyContent h5, #bodyContent h6{

 margin-top: 10px;
 margin-bottom: 10px;

/**** border-bottom-width: thin;

 border-bottom-style: solid;
 border-bottom-color: gray;

- - - /

}

/********************************* Hide MediaWiki end *********************************/

/* Structure */ html{ background: #eee; } body {

 padding: 0px;
 background: #fff;
 color: #333;
 margin: 0 auto;
 max-width: 900px;
 font: 1em/1.5 "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
 }

a {

 color: #105672;

}

header {/****position: fixed; ****/

       /******width: 100%;****/
       height: 90px;
       z-index: 1;

background: #F17F25;

        padding:0.01em 0.5em 1.5em ;

color: #fff; line-height: 1;

}

header h1{ margin-bottom: 0; }

header h1 span{ display: inline; color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); }

header span{ display: block; color: rgba(255,255,255,.2); font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 1.6em }

header nav{ float: right; text-align: right } header nav div{ font-size: .8em; } header nav div a { font-weight: 300; padding: .3em .5em } header nav a{ color: #fff; display: inline-block; padding: .3em .8em }

header nav a:hover, header nav a:focus{ color: rgba(255,255,255,.6) }

[role=main]{ padding:1.5em 3em; } article{ padding: 1em 0; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;

}

footer{ background: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1em 3em;

       clear: both;    /***2段組みの左右のfloatを解除***/

}

/* Typography */

p{ font: 1em/1.5 Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; }

p.sukima{

       font-size: 150%;
       font-weight: normal;
       font-family: Helvetica;
       background: #bbb;
       padding-left: 1.2em;

}

img{ max-width: 100%; /***** height: auto; *****/ }

blockquote{ float: left; margin: 1em 3em; } blockquote p{ font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 700; font-style:italic; } a{ font: 700 1em/1.5 "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none } a:hover, a:focus{ color: #000; } a:active{ position: relative; top:1px; }

ol{margin: 1em 0 1em 0; padding-left: 2em; } li{ margin: 0; }

/* Tabs */

tabs

{ /*****position:fixed;****/

      width: 900px;

}

.js-on #tabs article { display:none }

tabs, #tabs nav a.active{

background: #FFF; color: #111; }

tabs nav

{ position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: table; background: #bbb; }

tabs nav a

{ width:900px; display:table-cell; padding:1em; text-align:center; color: #333; }

tabs nav a:hover,#tabs nav a:focus

{ background:#eee }

tabs article

{ padding:2em; }

.js-on #tabs article.active { display:block; }

tabs #mobiles{

display:none; border-radius: 0; }

tabs #mobiles a, #tabs #mobiles a:first-child, #tabs #mobiles a:last-child{

width:300px; border-radius: 0; }

/* Media queries */ @media screen and (min-width:900px) { body{font-size: 1.1em;} }

@media screen and (max-width:600px) { #tabs nav{ display: none; position: relative; } #tabs #mobiles{ display:block; } #tabs article { display:block; } } @media screen and (max-width:480px) { blockquote{ float: none; }

header nav a{ padding:.7em .8em } header nav{ float: none; margin: -.5em -3em 0; background: #000; overflow: hidden; text-align: left } header nav a{ border-right: 1px solid #222 } [role=main]{ padding:1.5em 2em; } header nav div{ display: none; }

}

/*column content*/

content-right {

width:48%; /***段落の横幅***/ float:right; /***右に寄せる（他の要素を左に回り込ませる)***/ margin: 10px; }

content-left {

width:47%; /***サイドの横幅***/ float:left; /***左に寄せる***/ margin: 10px; }

/*****キャプションレフト*****/

div.caption-left{ float: left; padding: 0 5px 5px 5px; }

.caption-left span{ display: block; text-align: center;

       font-size: smaller;
       font-weight: bold;

}

div.clear{ clear: both; margin: 0 0 10px 0; }

/*****キャプションライト*****/

div.caption-right{ float: right; padding: 0 5px 5px 5px; }

.caption-right span{ display: block; text-align: center;

       font-size: smaller;
       font-weight: bold;

}

div.clear{ clear: both; margin: 0 0 10px 0; }

/***floatの影響を絶つ。<div class="c-both"></div> のように使う***/

.c-both { clear: both; }

div.title{

        font-style: normal;
        font-weight: bold;
        font-size: 70px;
        line-height: 70px;
        font-family: Helvetica;

}

div.caption{

       text-align: center;
       font-size: smaller;
       font-weight: bold;

}

div.captiontable{

       font-size: smaller;
       font-weight: bold;

}

/*topに戻る*/

ttop {position:fixed;

      bottom:140px;
      left:auto;margin:0 0 0 905px; /* マージン：上 右 下 左 */
      width:100px;
      height:390px;
      background:url(http://openwetware.org/images/f/f2/%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E6%9C%AA%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A-1.png) no-repeat left bottom;}

/* IE6以下用、アスタリスクハックでググれ */

html #ttop {margin:0 0 -390px 0;

             position:relative;bottom:490px; /* 上で設定した ttopの高さ390px＋下100px */
             left:960px;}

ttop:hover {background:url(http://openwetware.org/images/b/b9/Top2.png) no-repeat left bottom;/* 画像の高さによって適当に調整 */

a.page_top {display:block;width:100px;height:390px;}

</style> </head> </html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head>

   <title>Biomod2013 Sendai ver2.0</title>
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
   
   <style type="text/css">
   h1{color: white;}
   </style>

</head>

   <header>

        <nav>      
          <div>

<!--

               <a href="#"  class="whiteSendai">Blog</a> 
               <a href="#"  class="whiteSendai">Twitter</a>
               <a href="#"  class="whiteSendai">Facebook</a>

--> <br><br>

           </div>
          <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai" class="whiteSendai">Top</a> 
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/project" class="whiteSendai">Project</a>
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/design" class="whiteSendai">Design</a> 
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/calcuation" class="whiteSendai">Calculation</a>
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/experiment" class="whiteSendai">Experiment</a>

<a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013" class="whiteSendai" style="float:right;"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/6e/Biomod-logo.jpg"

                                              width="75" height="75" alt="Biomod2013" border="0"></a><br>
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/protocol" class="whiteSendai">Protocol</a>   
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/future" class="whiteSendai">Future</a> 
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/member" class="whiteSendai">Member</a>
           <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai/sponsor" class="whiteSendai">Sponsor</a>
           </nav>
            <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2013/Sendai"><h1 style="color:white;" ><b>Biomod<span>2013<br>&emsp; Team</span>Sendai</b></h1></a>

</header>

<section role="main">
       <article>
        <h2>Design</h2>

<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#chain"> <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Project goal</span></a></li> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Flower"> <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">First stage:Sensing system</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#sensing"> <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Second stage:Amplification system</span></a></li> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#5"> <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">DNA origami approach</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#6"> <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Flower DNA approach</span></a></li> </li>

</ul> </li> </ul> </td></tr></table>

<h2 id=chain>Project goal</h2>  In Lipo-HANABI project, we need to develop the following two subsystems.<br><br>

i) Sensing system (First stage): liposome disruption by temperature control. <br>

ii) Amplification system (Second stage): a chain-reactive disruption of the liposomes activated by the First stage. <br><br>

<h3 id=Flower>First stage: Sensing system </h3>  The purpose of First stage is to detect temperature change and release key molecules for the Second stage. This is achieved by temperature-sensitive liposomes containing  the keys. To make the liposome, we used lipids conjugated with NIPAM polymer.<br>  This structural change of NIPAM induces stress on the surface of the liposome, and consequently disrupts them.<br> <div align="center"> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/95/NIPAM%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%933.png"> </div> <div class="caption">Fig.1 Temperature-sensitive liposome</div> <h3 id=sensing>Second stage: Amplification system </h3>  The purpose of Second stage is to accept the key from the First stage and release a lot of payload molecules in a chain-reaction. <br>  There are two different approaches to realize the Second stage.<br>

  A) DNA Origami approach<br>
  B) Flower DNA approach<br>

<h4 id=5>DNA origami approach </h4>

 This approach is inspired by a paper about <a Href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19780639"> Membrane-bending proteins (Prinz WA, Hinshaw JE., Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol., 2009)</a>. In this approach,　we use “Origami-anchor DNA” which connects DNA Origami with liposome membrane.

A lot of DNA origamis are adsorbed on the surface of liposomes by using Origami-anchor DNA. DNA origami is supposed to be a stiff, straight board compared with liposome membrane, and as a result, liposome surface gets bending stress. At certain level of the absorbance, liposomes will burst. Also, DNA origamis on the surface repel each other because of negative charges on DNA backbones. This effect may add more stress on the membrane.<br>

<div align="center"> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/c/c5/%E8%86%9C%E3%80%80%E5%8F%8D%E7%99%BAdfhr.png"> </div> <div class="caption">Fig.2 Stress on liposome membrane</div> <br>  From the reference, we learned that efficient structure design for destabilizing membranes should have the following properties: <br> <ur><li>Having rigid scaffolds</li> <li>Having large surface areas to maximize the effect of the scaffold on the membrane</li></ur>

<Design of DNA origami><br>  DNA origami is known as a designable rigid structure made of DNA. We use DNA origami to make the rigid scaffolds. In order to meet the requirements, we designed a 2D rectangular DNA origami.<br>

<div align="center"> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/45/Outsidefig8.png"> </div> <div class="caption">Fig.3 Rectangular origami</div> <br> <div class="caption-right">

<Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a7/Lipo5.png" style="padding-left:10mm"><span>Fig.4 DNA origami designed by caDNAno</span>

</div>  We use <a href="http://cadnano.org/">caDNAno2</a> for our DNA origami design. The size of DNA origami is 67.6nm (26 helixes) in width and 127 nm (374 bases) in height. We cut out a smaller rectangle of 10 helixes (161 bases) at one of the corners, so that we could distinguish the two sides with AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) observation. Also, we put 141 staples sticking out from the bottom face of the origami. Those staples hybridize with cholesterol-modified Origami-anchor DNA, which has high affinity with lipid membrane.<br> <br> <div align="center"> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a0/Outsidefig5rg.png"　width="450px" height="350px"> </div> <div class="caption">Fig.5 Unstable liposome</div> <br><br> <h4 id=6>Flower DNA approach</h4>  This approach is inspired by a paper about <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/ipdf/10.1021/jp104711q">Polymer Flower-micelle (Yukio Tominaga, Mari Mizuse, Akihito Hashidzume, Yotaro Morishima and Takahiro Sato, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010)</a>. To adapt the Polymer Flower-micelle to our project, the followings are required.<br><br> <ur><li>Embedding a lot of cholesterol-modified ss DNA on the liposome surface</li> <li>Adding another ssDNA (complementary to the above DNA) which induces a structural change　by DNA hybridization</li> <li>The induced structural change on the DNA results in disruption of the liposome</li> <br>  At first, we designed “Flower-anchor DNA”, which is a couple of ss DNAs both having cholesterol modified groups (Fig.6): Flower-anchor1 is 10nt ss DNA and Flower-anchor2 is 50nt ss DNA. Both are cholesterol-modified at their 3’ ends. <br>  In addition, the 5’ end of the Flower-anchor2 is complementary to Flower-anchor1. When they hybridize, the rest 40nt of Flower-anchor2 remains single-stranded.<br><br> <div align="center"> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/3d/Flower-newfg.png" width="450px" height="350px" ></div><br> <div class="caption">Fig.6 Liposome with Flower-anchor DNA</div> <br>  The key DNA released from stage 1 liposome is complementary to this single-stranded part. When the key hybridizes on it, a double-stranded section is formed. The length of the section is shorter than its persistence length; therefore it works as a rigid strut. The strut is anchored on the liposome at both ends, thus it extends the membrane. As a consequence, this may lead to drastic conformational change of the liposome, namely, disruption. <br><br> <div align="center"> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/65/Flower3new8.png" width="70%" hight="800"><br> <div class="caption">Fig.7 Process of flower DNA approach</div><br><br> <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/17/Flor4.png" width="70%" hight="800" ><br> <div class="caption">Fig.8 How to disrupt a liposome</div>

      </article>

</section>

   <footer>
       <p>&copy; Copyright Biomod 2013 Team Sendai
               <a href="http://www.molbot.mech.tohoku.ac.jp/index.html">

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/36/Murata-nomura-logo.png"

                                     width="180" height="50" alt="Molcular Robotics Lab" border="0" align="right">

　　　　　　　　 </a> 　　　　 </p>

       <p>E-MAIL:
           <a href="mailto:biomod.teamsendai.2012@gmail.com">biomod.teamsendai.2012@gmail.com
           </a>
       </p>
       <br>
       <a href="?action=edit" align="center"><p>edit</p></a>
   </footer>

</body> </html>

       <script type="text/javascript">
     function tabs(a,g,j){document.body.className="js-on";var g=a.getElementsByTagName(g),d=[],c;this.active;this.total=g.length;this.container=a;e=a.insertBefore(document.createElement("nav"),g[0]),change=function(f){if(typeof this.active!=="undefined"){d[this.active].className=g[this.active].className=""}d[f].className=g[f].className="active";this.active=f},clickEvent=function(h,f){h.onclick=function(){change(f);return false}};for(var b=0;b<g.length;b++){d[b]=e.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));d[b].href="#";c=[g[b].getAttribute("data-title"),g[b].getElementsByTagName(j)[0]];d[b].innerHTML=c[0]!==null?c[0]:c[1]?c[1]["innerText"||"textContent"]:b+1;new clickEvent(d[b],b)}change(0)}tabs.prototype.change=function(b){change(b-1)};tabs.prototype.next=function(b){active===this.total-1?change(0):change(active+1)};tabs.prototype.prev=function(b){active===0?change(this.total-1):change(active-1)};tabs.prototype.responsive=function(d,c){nav=document.createElement("nav");nav.id="mobiles";nav.innerHTML='<a href="#" onclick="'+d+'.prev(); return false">'+c.prev+'</a><a href="#" onclick="'+d+'.next(); return false">'+c.next+"</a>";this.container.insertBefore(nav,this.container.firstChild);return this};
       </script>
       <script type="text/javascript">

var myTabs = new tabs(document.getElementById("tabs"), "article", "h2").responsive("myTabs", { prev: "Previous", next: "Next" }); </script> </head> </html>

Biomod/2013/Sendai/design: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 October 2013

Navigation menu

Page actions

Page actions

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

research

Tools

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 </header>
+<div id="ttop">
+<a href="#top" class="page_top" onfocus="this.blur();" onclick="scrollTo(0,0); return false;" title="Top"></a></div>
   <section role="main">
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
 <ul>
 <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Flower">
-<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">1st stage:Sensing system</span></a></li>
+<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">First stage:Sensing system</span></a></li>
 <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#sensing">
-<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">2nd stage:Amplification system</span></a></li>
+<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Second stage:Amplification system</span></a></li>
 <ul>
 <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#5">
 <span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">DNA origami approach</span></a></li>
 <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#6">
-<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">FlowerDNA approach</span></a></li>
+<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Flower DNA approach</span></a></li>
 </li>
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 &nbsp;In Lipo-HANABI project, we need to develop the following two subsystems.<br><br>
-i) Sensing system (1st stage): liposome disruption by temperature control. <br>
+i) Sensing system (First stage): liposome disruption by temperature control. <br>
-ii) Amplification system (2nd stage): a chain-reactive disruption of the liposomes activated by the 1st stage. <br><br>
+ii) Amplification system (Second stage): a chain-reactive disruption of the liposomes activated by the First stage. <br><br>
-<h3 id=Flower>1st stage: Sensing system </h3>
+<h3 id=Flower>First stage: Sensing system </h3>
-&nbsp;The purpose of 1st stage is to detect temperature change and release key molecules for the 2nd stage. This is achieved by temperature-sensitive liposomes containing &nbsp;the keys. To make the liposome, we used lipids conjugated with NIPAM polymer.<br>
+&nbsp;The purpose of First stage is to detect temperature change and release key molecules for the Second stage. This is achieved by temperature-sensitive liposomes containing &nbsp;the keys. To make the liposome, we used lipids conjugated with NIPAM polymer.<br>
 &nbsp;This structural change of NIPAM induces stress on the surface of the liposome, and consequently disrupts them.<br>
 <div align="center">
 <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/95/NIPAM%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%933.png">
 </div>
-<div align="center">Fig.1 Temperature-sensitive liposome</div>
+<div class="caption">Fig.1 Temperature-sensitive liposome</div>
-<h3 id=sensing>2nd stage: Amplification system </h3>
+<h3 id=sensing>Second stage: Amplification system </h3>
-&nbsp;The purpose of 2nd stage is to accept the key from the 1st stage and release a lot of payload molecules in a chain-reaction. <br>
+&nbsp;The purpose of Second stage is to accept the key from the First stage and release a lot of payload molecules in a chain-reaction. <br>
-&nbsp;There are two different approaches to realize the 2nd stage.<br>
+&nbsp;There are two different approaches to realize the Second stage.<br>
     A) DNA Origami approach<br>
     B) Flower DNA approach<br>
@@ Line 102: / Line 103: @@
 <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/c/c5/%E8%86%9C%E3%80%80%E5%8F%8D%E7%99%BAdfhr.png">
 </div>
-<div align="center">Fig.2 Stress on liposome membrane</div><br>
+<div class="caption">Fig.2 Stress on liposome membrane</div>
+<br>
 &nbsp;From the reference, we learned that efficient structure design for destabilizing membranes should have the following properties: <br>
 <ur><li>Having rigid scaffolds</li>
@@ Line 114: / Line 115: @@
 <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/45/Outsidefig8.png">
 </div>
-<div align="center">Fig.3 Rectangular origami</div>
+<div class="caption">Fig.3 Rectangular origami</div>
 <br>
 <div class="caption-right">
@@ Line 129: / Line 130: @@
 <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a0/Outsidefig5rg.png"　width="450px" height="350px">
 </div>
-<div align="center">Fig.5 Unstable liposome</div>
+<div class="caption">Fig.5 Unstable liposome</div>
 <br><br>
 <h4 id=6>Flower DNA approach</h4>
 &nbsp;This approach is inspired by a paper about <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/ipdf/10.1021/jp104711q">Polymer Flower-micelle (Yukio Tominaga, Mari Mizuse, Akihito Hashidzume, Yotaro Morishima and Takahiro Sato, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010)</a>.
-To adapt the Polymer Flower-micelle to our project, the followings are required.<br>
+To adapt the Polymer Flower-micelle to our project, the followings are required.<br><br>
 <ur><li>Embedding a lot of cholesterol-modified ss DNA on the liposome surface</li>
 <li>Adding another ssDNA (complementary to the above DNA) which induces a structural change　by DNA hybridization</li>
@@ Line 139: / Line 140: @@
 <br>
 &nbsp;At first, we designed “Flower-anchor DNA”, which is a couple of ss DNAs both having cholesterol modified groups (Fig.6): Flower-anchor1 is 10nt ss DNA and Flower-anchor2 is 50nt ss DNA. Both are cholesterol-modified at their 3’ ends. <br>
-&nbsp;In addition, the 5’ end of the Flower-anchor2 is complementary to Flower-anchor1. When they hybridize, the rest 40nt of Flower-anchor2 remains single-stranded.<br>
+&nbsp;In addition, the 5’ end of the Flower-anchor2 is complementary to Flower-anchor1. When they hybridize, the rest 40nt of Flower-anchor2 remains single-stranded.<br><br>
 <div align="center">
 <Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/3d/Flower-newfg.png" width="450px" height="350px" ></div><br>
-<div align="center">Fig.6 Liposome with Flower-anchor DNA</div>
+<div class="caption">Fig.6 Liposome with Flower-anchor DNA</div>
 <br>
-&nbsp;The key DNA released from stage 1 liposome is complementary to this single-stranded part. When the key hybridizes on it, a double-stranded section is formed. The length of the section is shorter than its persistence length; therefore it works as a rigid strut. The strut is anchored on the liposome at both ends, thus it extends the membrane. As a consequence, this may lead to drastic conformational change of the liposome, namely, disruption. <br>
+&nbsp;The key DNA released from stage 1 liposome is complementary to this single-stranded part. When the key hybridizes on it, a double-stranded section is formed. The length of the section is shorter than its persistence length; therefore it works as a rigid strut. The strut is anchored on the liposome at both ends, thus it extends the membrane. As a consequence, this may lead to drastic conformational change of the liposome, namely, disruption. <br><br>
-<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/65/Flower3new8.png"><br>
+<div align="center">
-<div align="center">Fig.7 Process of flower DNA approach</div><br><br>
+<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/65/Flower3new8.png"  width="70%" hight="800"><br>
-<Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/dd/Flower4newa.png" Align="center" width="900px" hight="800" ><br>
+<div class="caption">Fig.7 Process of flower DNA approach</div><br><br>
-<div align="center">Fig.8 How to disrupt a liposome</div>
+<Img Src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/17/Flor4.png"  width="70%" hight="800" ><br>
+<div class="caption">Fig.8 How to disrupt a liposome</div>
         </article>
 </section>