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<p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Receptor. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel.  
<p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Receptor. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel.  
</p>
</p>
<ul type="circle"><li>Form the Receptor dimer by using thrombin.</li><li>Emit the Polymerization Initiator by demerization.</li><li>Embedding of Receptor on the liposome.</li>
<p class="paragraph">&#8226; Form the Receptor dimer by using thrombin.
</ul>
<br>&#8226; Emit the Polymerization Initiator by demerization.
<br>&#8226; Embedding of Receptor on the liposome.</p>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
<br>
<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>
<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Receptor</h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Receptor</h1>


<p class="paragraph">Folding of the Receptor was corroborated by TEM and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.</p>
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/22/OCKtem.png"></div>
<table><tr>
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/14/Yui5.png" height="300px" align="left">
<td style="padding:0px 30px;"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/22/OCKtem.png" width="300px"></td><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/14/Yui5.png" height="300px"></td>
<br>
</tr></table>
 
<table align="bottom"><tr>
<p class="ex">Folding of the Receptor was corroborated by TEM and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.
<td style="padding:0px 80px;"><div class="name">TEM the Receptor</div></td> <td style="padding:0px 80px;"><div class="name">Electrophoresis</div></td>
<br>The folded structure of the Receptor was clearly appeared in the TEM image.</p>
</tr></table>
 
<p class="paragraph">This electrophoresis data was extracted from the gel gained from a flotation assay.</p>
<br><br><br>
 
 


<br>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Receptor dimer</h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Receptor dimer</h1>
<p class="paragraph">Before the experiment of forming the Receptor dimer with thrombin, we confirmed that thrombin-binding aptamers bind to thrombin. The molar ratio of the aptamers to thrombins was also optimized.</p>
<p class="ex">Before the experiment of forming the Receptor dimer with thrombin, we confirmed that thrombin-binding aptamers bind to thrombin. The molar ratio of the aptamers to thrombins was also optimized.</p>
 
<p class="ex">Binding of the aptamers with thrombin was analyzed with Native-PAGE.</p>
 
<p class="ex">The result showed that the aptamers should be added at least 10 times as many as alpha-thrombins for binding.</p>


<p class="paragraph">Binding of the aptamers with thrombin was analyzed with Native-PAGE.</p>


<p class="paragraph">The result showed that the aptamers should be added at least 10 times as many as alpha-thrombins for binding.</p>


<br>
<br>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Emitting the Initiator</h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Emitting the Initiator</h1>
<br><br>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Embedding on the liposome</h1>
<div class="tateleft">
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bb/Yuichole.png"></div>
<br><br>
<p class="ex">In order to certify the penetration of the Receptors to liposomes, a flotation assay was conducted.</p>
<p class="ex">In preparation for a floation assay, cholesterol oligomers were hybridized to the Receptors for penetration. The hybridization was confirmed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.</p> 
<br><br>
<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d3/Flotation.png"></div>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<p class="ex">In flotation assay, we divided mixture with the Receptors and the liposomes to a few fractions, each of them was analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometer and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. This assay showed in which fraction of the mixture includes the liposomes embedded by the Receptors.</p>
<br><br>
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/34/Yui1.png"></div>
<br><br>
<p class="ex"><b>The fluorescence intensity of NileRed in each fraction (NileRed dyes the membrane of liposomes.)</b></p>
<p class="ex">The result of fluorescence spectrophotometer (JASCO, FP-6500) showed that liposome distributed mostly in fraction 3.</p>
<br><br><br><br>
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/0/02/Yui3.png" width="400px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/7/7e/Yui4.png" width="400px">
<br>
<br>


<br>
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/63/Yui2.png"></div>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Embedding on the liposome</h1>
 
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bb/Yuichole.png" height="200px" align="right">
<p class="ex"><b>The ratios of the Receptor in each fraction were analyzed by the density of band.</b></p>
<p class="paragraph">In order to certify the penetration of the Receptors to liposomes, a flotation assay was conducted.</p>
<p class="ex">In sample1 (cholesterol + / liposome +), the ratio of the Receptor in fraction3 was a bit larger than that in fraction2. In contrast, in sample 2, 3 and 4, the ratio of the Receptor in fraction3 was smaller than that in fraction2. As liposomes were mostly seen in fraction3 in both sample 1 and 3, and the ratio of the Receptor in each fraction was different only in sample1, we concluded that this difference was caused by penetration of the Receptor to liposomes.</p>
 
 
 
 
 
<br><br>
 


<p class="paragraph">First, cholesterol oligomers were hybridized to the Receptors for penetration. The hybridization was confirmed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.</p> 


<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Next Steps</a></h1>
<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Next Steps</a></h1>
<p class="paragraph">In these experiments, we achieved to construct the Receptors and insert them into the liposomes. The very basics of others, formation of the Receptor dimers and emission of the Initiator, were also confirmed. Therefore, we are planning to approach the ones following for next steps. </p>
<p class="paragraph">&#8226; Confirm the more advanced mechanism of forming the Receptor dimers and emitting the Initiator.
<br>&#8226; Examine conditions for dimerization of the Receptor heterounits on the liposomes, may need changes in design of the Receptor.</p>


<a name="2">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="2">&nbsp;</a>
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<br>
<br>
<p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Motor-Monomer and assay the formation of a simple Motor-Polymer. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel.</p>
<p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Motor-Monomer and assay the formation of a simple Motor-Polymer. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel.</p>
<ul>
<p class="paragraph">&#8226; Control the initiation of the polymerization (forming ring structures and ring-opening polymerization).
<li>Control the initiation of the polymerization (forming ring structures and ring-opening polymerization).</li>
<br>&#8226; Put the Motor-Monomers into the liposome.</p>
<li>Put the Motor-Monomers into the liposome.</li>
 
</ul>
<br>
<br>
<center><table><tr>
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<p class="paragraph">Finally, after success in the experiments, we combine them to attain the polymerization in the liposome.</p>
<p class="paragraph">Finally, after success in the experiments, we combine them to attain the polymerization in the liposome.</p>
<br>
<br>


<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>
<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Motor-Monomer</h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Motor-Monomer</h1>
<p class="paragraph">The assembly condition of the Motor-Monomer was optimezed with concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub>, annealing temperature and time. The resulting structure was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p>


<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b6/Monomerjouken.png"></div>
<p class="ex">The assembly condition of the Motor-Monomer was optimezed with concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub>, annealing temperature and time. The resulting structure was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p>
<br>
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bc/2-1-1.png" height="150px"></div>
<p class="ex">Multimers (e.g. dimmers) were appeared at lower temperature, so optimum temperature of annealing was 55.0&#8451;.</p>


<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bc/2-1-1.png" height="300px">
<br><br><br><br><br>
<p class="paragraph">MoA: monomer A-type  MoN: unmodified flip tile
<br>Multimers (e.g. dimmers) were appeared at lower temperature, so optimum temperature of annealing was 55.0&#8451;.


<center>
 
<table cellpadding="0 30px">
<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/48/2-1-2.png" height="300px"></div>
<tr><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/48/2-1-2.png" height="300px"></td><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/e2/2-1-3.png" height="300px"></td></tr>
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/e2/2-1-3.png" width="300px" align="right">
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<p class="paragraph">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, M13 : staples = 1 : 2)
 
<p class="ex">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, M13 : staples = 1 : 2)
<br>The band of monomer at 16mM is bending and its migration distance is different from the one of MoN. It shows that the Monomers were not annealed correctly at 16 mM. There seemed to be little difference at other concentration, so optimum concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub> was the range 10  to 14mM.</p>
<br>The band of monomer at 16mM is bending and its migration distance is different from the one of MoN. It shows that the Monomers were not annealed correctly at 16 mM. There seemed to be little difference at other concentration, so optimum concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub> was the range 10  to 14mM.</p>


<center><table cellpadding="0px">
<br><br><br>
<tr><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/f4/2-1-4.png" height="300px"></td><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/fa/2-1-5.png" height="300px"></td></tr>
 
</table></center>
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/f4/2-1-4.png"></div><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/fa/2-1-5.png" width="300px">
<p class="paragraph">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, MgCl<sub>2</sub> : 10mM)
 
<p class="ex">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, MgCl<sub>2</sub> : 10mM)
<br>At the ratio of 6 and 8 a band of a monomer is weak and migrating distance was shorter than the one of monomer. As the graph showed, the ratio of dimer to monomer was low in lane 1 and 2, so optimum ratio of staples to scaffold was 2 or 4.</p>
<br>At the ratio of 6 and 8 a band of a monomer is weak and migrating distance was shorter than the one of monomer. As the graph showed, the ratio of dimer to monomer was low in lane 1 and 2, so optimum ratio of staples to scaffold was 2 or 4.</p>


<p class="paragraph">Folding of the Motor-Monomer was corroborated by PAGE analysis.</p>
<br><br>


<p class="paragraph">The folding, however, was not verified by TEM. We considered it was because of hollow structures of the Motor-Monomers.</p>
<p class="ex">Folding of the Motor-Monomer was corroborated by PAGE analysis. The folding, however, was not verified by TEM. We considered it was because of hollow structures of the Motor-Monomers.</p>


<br>
<br>
<br>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Motor-Polymer</h1>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Motor-Polymer</h1>
<p class="paragraph">
 
<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/90/Poly1.png" height="300px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a5/Poly2.png"></div>
 
<p class="ex">In this experiment, the effect of arm number on polymerization was examined. Two samples, one has three arms and the other has one extruded from the body, was compared. The Monomers comprise two similar structures, the Motor-Monomer A and the Motor-Monomer B. The polymerization was confirmed by mixing the Monomer A and the Monomer B.</p>
 
<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b0/Poly4.png" height="300px"></div>
<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/3c/Poly5.png" width="300px" align="right">
 
<p class="ex">The ratio of dimers of three arms monomers roughly increased with time, while the ratio did not change significantly for one arm monomers. It confirmed the polymerization of the Monomers with three arms.</p>
 




<br>
<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Putting into the liposome</h1>
<p class="paragraph">The Motor-Monomers were mixed with inner solution of GUVs when GUVs were synthesized. The introduction was confirmed by comparing the fluorescence of  natural GUVs with the one of the Monomer-introduced GUVs. The fluorescence was due to Cy5 (for the Monomers) and Pyranine (for the GUVs). The comparison was analyzed by confocal microscopes.</p>


<p class="paragraph">Confocal micrograph of natural GUVs and the Monomer-introduced GUVs</p>


<p class="paragraph">By comparing these pictures, the introduction was confirmed. </p>


<br>
<br>

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   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EARLY TRIAL&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Design</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Approaches</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">DESIGN</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EXPERIMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Highlights</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Receptor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Motor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;DISCUSSION&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Achievements</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Future</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Protocols" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">PROTOCOL</span></a>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">TEAM</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Members</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sponsors</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
 </font>
 </ul>

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<body><a name="1">&nbsp;</a> <font face="Futura,Arial,Frutiger" font size="24px">EXPERIMENTS</font> <br> <br>

<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="810px" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="30"> <TR> <TD align="center" BGCOLOR="#A9A9F5"> <span style="font-size:40px; color:#0A0A2A;">The Receptor</span> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Direction</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Receptor. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel. </p> <p class="paragraph">&#8226; Form the Receptor dimer by using thrombin. <br>&#8226; Emit the Polymerization Initiator by demerization. <br>&#8226; Embedding of Receptor on the liposome.</p> <br> <center><table><tr> <td style="padding:0px 30px"><b>Forming the Receptor dimer</b></td><td style="padding:0px 70px"><b>Emiting the Initiator</b></td><td style="padding:0px 30px"><b>Embedding on the liposome</b></td> </tr></table> <table><tr> <td style="padding:0px 15px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/66/Receptorstep1.png" width="250px"></td> <td style="padding:0px 15px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/db/Receptorstep2.png" width="250px"></td> <td style="padding:0px 15px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/2e/Receptorstep3.png" width="250px"></td> </tr></table></center> <br> <p class="paragraph">Finally, after success in the experiments, we combine them to attain the dimerization and the Initiator emission on the liposome.</li> </p> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>


<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Receptor</h1>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/22/OCKtem.png"></div> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/14/Yui5.png" height="300px" align="left"> <br>

<p class="ex">Folding of the Receptor was corroborated by TEM and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. <br>The folded structure of the Receptor was clearly appeared in the TEM image.</p>

<br><br><br>


<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Receptor dimer</h1> <p class="ex">Before the experiment of forming the Receptor dimer with thrombin, we confirmed that thrombin-binding aptamers bind to thrombin. The molar ratio of the aptamers to thrombins was also optimized.</p>

<p class="ex">Binding of the aptamers with thrombin was analyzed with Native-PAGE.</p>

<p class="ex">The result showed that the aptamers should be added at least 10 times as many as alpha-thrombins for binding.</p>


<br>


<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Emitting the Initiator</h1>


<br><br>


<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Embedding on the liposome</h1> <div class="tateleft">

<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bb/Yuichole.png"></div>

<br><br>

<p class="ex">In order to certify the penetration of the Receptors to liposomes, a flotation assay was conducted.</p> <p class="ex">In preparation for a floation assay, cholesterol oligomers were hybridized to the Receptors for penetration. The hybridization was confirmed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.</p>

<br><br>

<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/d/d3/Flotation.png"></div>

<br><br><br><br><br>

<p class="ex">In flotation assay, we divided mixture with the Receptors and the liposomes to a few fractions, each of them was analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometer and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. This assay showed in which fraction of the mixture includes the liposomes embedded by the Receptors.</p>

<br><br>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/34/Yui1.png"></div>

<br><br>

<p class="ex"><b>The fluorescence intensity of NileRed in each fraction (NileRed dyes the membrane of liposomes.)</b></p> <p class="ex">The result of fluorescence spectrophotometer (JASCO, FP-6500) showed that liposome distributed mostly in fraction 3.</p>

<br><br><br><br>

<img src="http://openwetware.org/images/0/02/Yui3.png" width="400px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/7/7e/Yui4.png" width="400px">

<br>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/6/63/Yui2.png"></div>

<p class="ex"><b>The ratios of the Receptor in each fraction were analyzed by the density of band.</b></p> <p class="ex">In sample1 (cholesterol + / liposome +), the ratio of the Receptor in fraction3 was a bit larger than that in fraction2. In contrast, in sample 2, 3 and 4, the ratio of the Receptor in fraction3 was smaller than that in fraction2. As liposomes were mostly seen in fraction3 in both sample 1 and 3, and the ratio of the Receptor in each fraction was different only in sample1, we concluded that this difference was caused by penetration of the Receptor to liposomes.</p>



<br><br>


<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Next Steps</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">In these experiments, we achieved to construct the Receptors and insert them into the liposomes. The very basics of others, formation of the Receptor dimers and emission of the Initiator, were also confirmed. Therefore, we are planning to approach the ones following for next steps. </p> <p class="paragraph">&#8226; Confirm the more advanced mechanism of forming the Receptor dimers and emitting the Initiator. <br>&#8226; Examine conditions for dimerization of the Receptor heterounits on the liposomes, may need changes in design of the Receptor.</p>


<a name="2">&nbsp;</a> <br> <br> <br> <br> <TABLE LEFTMARGIN="-10px" BORDER="0" WIDTH="810px" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="30"> <TR> <TD align="center" BGCOLOR="#A9A9F5"> <span style="font-size:40px; color:#0A0A2A;">The Motor Monomer</span> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Direction</a></h1> <br> <p class="paragraph">We planned to do experiments in several steps. First, we design the Motor-Monomer and assay the formation of a simple Motor-Polymer. Then, the following experiments are conducted in parallel.</p> <p class="paragraph">&#8226; Control the initiation of the polymerization (forming ring structures and ring-opening polymerization). <br>&#8226; Put the Motor-Monomers into the liposome.</p>

<br> <center><table><tr> <td style="padding:0px 80px"><b>Controlling the polymerization</b></td><td style="padding:0px 80px"><b>Putting into the liposome</b></td> </tr></table> <table><tr> <td style="padding:0px 30px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/91/Monomerstep1.png" width="400px"></td> <td style="padding:0px 30px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/28/Monomerstep2.png" width="300px"></td> </tr></table></center> <br> <p class="paragraph">Finally, after success in the experiments, we combine them to attain the polymerization in the liposome.</p> <br>


<h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Experiments</a></h1>


<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Folding the Motor-Monomer</h1>

<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b6/Monomerjouken.png"></div>

<p class="ex">The assembly condition of the Motor-Monomer was optimezed with concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub>, annealing temperature and time. The resulting structure was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p>

<br>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/bc/2-1-1.png" height="150px"></div>

<p class="ex">Multimers (e.g. dimmers) were appeared at lower temperature, so optimum temperature of annealing was 55.0&#8451;.</p>

<br><br><br><br><br>


<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/4/48/2-1-2.png" height="300px"></div> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/e2/2-1-3.png" width="300px" align="right">


<p class="ex">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, M13 : staples = 1 : 2) <br>The band of monomer at 16mM is bending and its migration distance is different from the one of MoN. It shows that the Monomers were not annealed correctly at 16 mM. There seemed to be little difference at other concentration, so optimum concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub> was the range 10 to 14mM.</p>

<br><br><br>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/f4/2-1-4.png"></div><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/f/fa/2-1-5.png" width="300px">

<p class="ex">(Annealing temperature : 55.0&#8451;, MgCl<sub>2</sub> : 10mM) <br>At the ratio of 6 and 8 a band of a monomer is weak and migrating distance was shorter than the one of monomer. As the graph showed, the ratio of dimer to monomer was low in lane 1 and 2, so optimum ratio of staples to scaffold was 2 or 4.</p>

<br><br>

<p class="ex">Folding of the Motor-Monomer was corroborated by PAGE analysis. The folding, however, was not verified by TEM. We considered it was because of hollow structures of the Motor-Monomers.</p>

<br> <br>

<h1 class="big">&nbsp;Forming the Motor-Polymer</h1>

<div class="left"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/9/90/Poly1.png" height="300px"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/a/a5/Poly2.png"></div>

<p class="ex">In this experiment, the effect of arm number on polymerization was examined. Two samples, one has three arms and the other has one extruded from the body, was compared. The Monomers comprise two similar structures, the Motor-Monomer A and the Motor-Monomer B. The polymerization was confirmed by mixing the Monomer A and the Monomer B.</p>

<div class="right"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/b/b0/Poly4.png" height="300px"></div> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/3/3c/Poly5.png" width="300px" align="right">

<p class="ex">The ratio of dimers of three arms monomers roughly increased with time, while the ratio did not change significantly for one arm monomers. It confirmed the polymerization of the Monomers with three arms.</p>




<br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background">&nbsp;Next Steps</a></h1> <br>


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