Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:39, 28 August 2014

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 <ul id="menu">
 <font face="Frutiger,Helvetica,Arial">
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/ec/LogoKashiwa.png" onmouseover="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/7/7a/Logo2Kashiwa.png'" onclick="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/1/1d/Logo2.5.png'" onmouseout="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/e/ec/LogoKashiwa.png'" height="80px" width="120px" name="def"></a>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">PROJECT</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Background</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Motivation</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#3" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Project Goals</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EARLY TRIAL&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Design</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Approaches</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">DESIGN</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EXPERIMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Highlights</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Receptor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Motor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;DISCUSSION&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Achievements</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Future</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Protocols" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">PROTOCOL</span></a>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">TEAM</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Members</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sponsors</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
 </font>
 </ul>

</div> <br> <br> <br> <div class="page-back"><a href="#top"> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/2a/Top1.gif" onmouseover="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/f/f0/Top2.gif'" onmouseout="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/2/2a/Top1.gif'" height="150px"/></a></div> </head>

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<body> <a name="1"></a> <font face="Futura,Arial,Frutiger" font size="24px">PROJECT</font> <br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background"> Background</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and invasion into bodily tissues and organs. One of the most common causes of mortality, it accounts for about 13 percent of human death in the world. The factor makes cancer treatment so difficult is metastatic cancer.</p> <br> <font style="font-size:30px;">Metastatic Cancer</font> <br> <p class="paragraph">Metastatic cancer is a cancer that has spread from the primary site to other parts of the body. The cancer cells change their charactor to adapt new location when they arrive at organ, which makes metastatic cancer troublesome. In order to prevent the spread, we have to kill all cancer cells at the primary site.</p> <p class="paragraph">Chemotherapy, uses chemical drugs, is the most popular way to kill cancer cells because it is the only systemic therapy among major procedures used by oncologists. However, it is hard to kill cancer cells completely, because anti-cancer drugs can affect normal cells as well and cause serious side effects. In order to target only cancer cells, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been widely researched by scientists.</p> <br> <font style="font-size:30px;">Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)</font> <br> <p class="paragraph">DDS is a general term for the various ways to deliver drugs selectively to tumors while avoiding normal cells. We can reduce the concentration of anti-cancer drugs by using DDS, leading to the suppression of side effects. Though DDS is a promising strategy, one drawback is that it relies on diffusion in blood vessels, means it is ineffective to kill cancer cells completely at the primary site.<a name="2"> </a></p> <br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background"> Motivation</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">In order to kill all cancer cells in their early stage before spreading, we aimed at creating a single cell resolution system which can judge whether a cell is cancer or not, should be killed or be kept alive.</p> <br> <font style="font-size:30px;">"Let’s design a self moving patroller!" </font> <br> <br> <p class="paragraph">Our goal is to build a patrolling nano-robot which moves not only by diffusion but also by self-propulsion. We draw inspiration from a dendritic cell which is an antigen-presenting cell of the mammalian immune system that moves in a body by migration. The cell has spines that are small actin-rich protrusions; by remodeling (polymerizing and depolymerizing) actin filaments inside, it can change shape and migrate.</p> <p class="paragraph">Based on this idea, we will develop an actin-like monomer (named “Motor-Monomer”) that polymerizes on one end and depolymerizes on the other end to allow mobilization. We then put the Motor-Monomers into a liposome which the Receptor is inserted as a starter switch. This Receptor recognizes the outside signal and emits the Polymerization Initiator so that the Motor-Monomers grow to the Motor-Polymer, allowing the liposome to start patrolling the body to find cancer markers.</p> <p class="paragraph">As we modeled this polymerizing-in-a-liposome system on a dendritic immune cell, we named it "Polymeric and Liposomal Immune Cell (PoLICe)."<a name="3"> </a></p> <br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="Goals"> Project Goals</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">The goal we set to achieve during the summer is to build a self patrolling cell, PoLICe. To achieve this goal, we planned three main steps.</p> <p class="paragraph">First, we need to develop a sensing system which works as a start switch of the Motor, so that we can control when PoLICe starts patrolling. In order to achieve the system, we planned to design the following Receptor: It is embedded to a liposome and when recognizing the outside signal it emits a substance which leads the Motor-Monomers to become the Motor-Polymer. (We call the substance “Polymerization Initiator”; actually it is not the polymerization but it is more convenient.) </p> <center><table><tr> <td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/7/7c/Project-1.png" width="435px"></td><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/0/05/Project-2.png" width="435px"></td> </tr></table></center> <p class="paragraph">Second, we need to develop a moving system which works as the Motor of the PoLICe. In order to achieve the system, we planned to design the following Motor-Monomers: They are put into the liposome at the inactivated state and get activated, begin polymerizing, by catching the Polymerization Initiator.</p> <table><tr> <td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/0/0f/Project-3.png" width="435px"></td><td><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/c/c9/Project-4.png" width="435px"></td> </tr></table> <p class="paragraph">Finally, we need to connect two systems with each other and assay to verify if it is the complete ‘PoLICe’ system.</p>

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Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 <font style="font-size:30px;">Metastatic Cancer</font>
 <br>
-<p class="paragraph">Metastatic cancer is a cancer that has spread from the primary site to other parts of the body. The cancer cells change to adapt new location when they arrive at the lung, which makes metastatic cancer troublesome. In order to prevent the spread, we have to kill all cancer cells at the primary site.</p>
+<p class="paragraph">Metastatic cancer is a cancer that has spread from the primary site to other parts of the body. The cancer cells change their charactor to adapt new location when they arrive at organ, which makes metastatic cancer troublesome. In order to prevent the spread, we have to kill all cancer cells at the primary site.</p>
 <p class="paragraph">Chemotherapy, uses chemical drugs, is the most popular way to kill cancer cells because it is the only systemic therapy among major procedures used by oncologists. However, it is hard to kill cancer cells completely, because anti-cancer drugs can affect normal cells as well and cause serious side effects. In order to target only cancer cells, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been widely researched by scientists.</p>
 <br>
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 <br>
 <p class="paragraph">Our goal is to build a patrolling nano-robot which moves not only by diffusion but also by self-propulsion. We draw inspiration from a dendritic cell which is an antigen-presenting cell of the mammalian immune system that moves in a body by migration. The cell has spines that are small actin-rich protrusions; by remodeling (polymerizing and depolymerizing) actin filaments inside, it can change shape and migrate.</p>
-<p class="paragraph">Based on this idea, we will develop an actin-like monomer (named “Motor-Monomer”) that polymerizes on one end and depolymerizes on the other end to allow mobilization. We then put the Motor-Monomers into a liposome which the Receptor is connected as a starter switch. This Receptor recognizes the outside signal and emits the Polymerization Initiator so that the Motor-Monomers grow to the Motor-Polymer, allowing the liposome to start patrolling the body to find cancer markers.</p>
+<p class="paragraph">Based on this idea, we will develop an actin-like monomer (named “Motor-Monomer”) that polymerizes on one end and depolymerizes on the other end to allow mobilization. We then put the Motor-Monomers into a liposome which the Receptor is inserted as a starter switch. This Receptor recognizes the outside signal and emits the Polymerization Initiator so that the Motor-Monomers grow to the Motor-Polymer, allowing the liposome to start patrolling the body to find cancer markers.</p>
 <p class="paragraph">As we modeled this polymerizing-in-a-liposome system on a dendritic immune cell, we named it "Polymeric and Liposomal Immune Cell (PoLICe)."<a name="3">&nbsp;</a></p>
 <br>