Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:43, 20 October 2014

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 <ul id="menu">
 <font face="Frutiger,Helvetica,Arial">
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa"><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/ec/LogoKashiwa.png" onmouseover="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/7/7a/Logo2Kashiwa.png'" onclick="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/1/1d/Logo2.5.png'" onmouseout="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/e/ec/LogoKashiwa.png'" height="80px" width="120px" name="def"></a>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">PROJECT</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Background</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Motivation</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project#3" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Project Goals</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EARLY TRIAL&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Design</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Trial#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Approaches</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">DESIGN</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Design#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;EXPERIMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Highlights" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Highlights</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Receptor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Receptor</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Motor" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The Motor</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;DISCUSSION&nbsp;</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Achievements</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Discussion#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Future</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Protocols" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">PROTOCOL</span></a>
   </li>
   <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">TEAM</span></a>
     <ul class="sub">
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#1" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Members</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Team#2" onMouseOver="On('img1')" onMouseOut="Off()"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sponsors</span></a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
 </font>
 </ul>

</div> <br> <br> <br> <div class="page-back"><a href="#top"> <img src="http://openwetware.org/images/2/2a/Top1.gif" onmouseover="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/f/f0/Top2.gif'" onmouseout="this.src='http://openwetware.org/images/2/2a/Top1.gif'" height="150px"/></a></div> </head>

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<body> <a name="1"></a> <font face="Futura,Arial,Frutiger" font size="24px">PROJECT</font> <br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background"> Background</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and invasion into bodily tissues and organs. One of the most common causes of mortality, it accounts for about 13 percent of human death in the world. </p> <font style="font-size:32px;">  <i>Modern Cancer Treatments</i></font> <br> <p class="paragraph">Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the three major procedures used by oncologists. The most popular, chemotherapy, uses chemical drugs that kill cancer cells and it is the only systemic therapy among the three. Chemotherapy, however, can cause serious side effects because anti-cancer drugs can affect normal cells as well. In order to target only cancer cells, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been widely researched by scientists.</p>

<font style="font-size:32px;">  <i>Drug Delivery Systems</i></font> <br> <p class="paragraph">DDS is a general term for the various ways to deliver drugs selectively to pathogens while avoiding normal cells. Though DDS is a promising strategy, one drawback is that most DDS rely only on diffusion to deliver drugs, which limits their possibilities. With those DDS, for example, we cannot deliver drugs to tumors which are away from their diffusion paths. It is a crucial problem for the cancer treatments because any remaining cancer cells will reproduce or metastasize.<a name="2"> </a></p>

<br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background"> Motivation</a></h1> <br> <font style="font-size:32px;">  <i>Creating a new way of transfer</i></font> <br> <p class="paragraph">We considered that if a new way to transfer drugs to tumors which are hard for ordinary DDS to access is created, cancer cells are killed more effectively without reproducing or metastasizing.</p> <p class="paragraph">We therefore decided to build a patrolling nano-robot which moves not only by diffusion but also by self-propulsion to transfer drugs away from their diffusion paths. Moreover, nano-scale movements of the robot enable cell-by-cell analysis in DDS, inspecting cancer cells at single-cell resolution.</p>

<font style="font-size:32px;">  <i>Strategy of the self-moving robot</i></font> <br> <p class="paragraph">To make such a nano-robot, we drew inspiration from a dendritic immune cell which moves in a body by migration. The cell has spines that are small actin-rich protrusions; by remodeling (polymerizing and depolymerizing) actin filaments inside, it can change shape and migrate.</p> <p class="paragraph">Based on this idea, we developed actin-like monomers (named “Motor-Monomers”) and put them into a liposome in which a starter switch (named “Receptor”) is inserted. When the Receptor recognizes an outside signal, such as a cancer marker, the Motor-Monomers start polymerization to form the Motor-Polymer. The Motor-Polymer should polymerize in one end and de-polymerize in the other end to mimic actin filaments.</p> <p class="paragraph">As we modeled this polymerizing-in-a-liposome system on a dendritic immune cell, we named it "Polymeric and Liposomal Immune Cell (<b>PoLICe</b>)."<a name="3"> </a></p>

<br> <br> <h1 class="title"><a name="background"> Project Goals</a></h1> <p class="paragraph">As a first stage of building PoLICe, we decided to develop the polymerization system of PoLICe in our project during the summer. We thus aimed at achieving deformation of a liposome by polymerization. To achieve this goal, we planned three main steps.</p> <p class="paragraph">First, we need to develop a sensing system which works as a start switch of the Motor, so that we can control when PoLICe starts patrolling. In order to achieve the system, we planned to design the following Receptor: It is embedded in a liposome and recognizing the outside signal it activates the Motor-Monomers to form the Motor-Polymer.</p> <p class="paragraph">Second, we need to develop a moving system which works as the motor of the PoLICe. In order to achieve the system, we planned to design the following Motor-Monomers: They are put into the liposome at the inactivated state and start polymerization when the Receptor switches on.</p> <p class="paragraph">Finally, we need to connect two systems with each other and assay to verify the deformation of the liposome.</p> <br> <br> <br> <h2 class="reference">Reference</h2> <p class="reference">1.All Cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012 from International Agency for Research on Cancer website; http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx</p> </body>

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Biomod/2014/Kashiwa/Project: Difference between revisions

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 <p class="paragraph">We therefore decided to build a patrolling nano-robot which moves not only by diffusion but also by self-propulsion to transfer drugs away from their diffusion paths. Moreover, nano-scale movements of the robot enable cell-by-cell analysis in DDS, inspecting cancer cells at single-cell resolution.</p>
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 <font style="font-size:32px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Strategy of the self-moving robot</i></font>
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