CH391L/S13/DnaAssembly

Introduction

A large number of parts have been made by the synthetic biology community. Many can be found as part of the Registry of Standard Biological Parts. These modular genetic components are designed to be easy to assemble to facilitate the building of more complex biological devices. To learn more about the Registry and BioBricks™, see last year's wiki page.

Synthetic biology relies on the ability to make testable biological units. This means that the ability to gather, manipulate, or even create genetic material is vital for "doing" synthetic biology. The techniques employed by synthetic biologists include oligonucleotide synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligase, pcr, and recombination (homology).

Trying to get from genes to genomes.

DNA Synthesis

Oligonucleotide Synthesis

from wikipedia

Gene Synthesis

IDT Gene Blocks
DNA2.0
invitrogen (life technologies, geneart)
genscript
celtek
biobasic
sigma?
GENEWIZ
biomatik
OriGene (blue heron)
Epoch Life Science

References
Cost
Time

Molecular Cloning

Restriction Enzyme

BioBricks
BglBricks
list of BioBrick Foundation Standards

Polymerase Chain Reaction

TOPO TA cloning (invitrogen)
SOE (splice by overlap extension) pcr
PCA

Recombination/Homology

j5 from Nathan Hillson

-In-Fusion (Clontech) poxvirus DNA polymerase with 3′–5′ exonuclease activity
-In-Fusion BioBrick Assembly
-cold fusion (SBI)

-lambda red

-golden gate
-MoClo [1]
-GoldenBraid

-lic
-gateway

-SLIC sequence and ligation independent cloning T4 DNA polymerase (exonuclease)
-Gibson T5 exonuclease, Phusion polymerase, Taq ligase
-CPEC circular polymerase extension cloning

-SLiCE (Seamless Ligation Cloning Extract) in vitro homologous recombination

-Fast Seamless Cloning (Dogene) -CloneEZ kit (Genescript) -GENEART

Transformation

• e coli
  
• s. cerevisiae
  

Bacterial Mating

MAGIC

-mage

References

1. Weber E, Engler C, Gruetzner R, Werner S, and Marillonnet S. A modular cloning system for standardized assembly of multigene constructs. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 18;6(2):e16765. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0016765 |

   MoClo

2. Hughes RA, Miklos AE, and Ellington AD. Gene synthesis: methods and applications. Methods Enzymol. 2011;498:277-309. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385120-8.00012-7 |

   Gene Synthesis Review

3. Werner S, Engler C, Weber E, Gruetzner R, and Marillonnet S. Fast track assembly of multigene constructs using Golden Gate cloning and the MoClo system. Bioeng Bugs. 2012 Jan 1;3(1):38-43. DOI:10.4161/bbug.3.1.18223 |

   MoClo

4. Sarrion-Perdigones A, Falconi EE, Zandalinas SI, Juárez P, Fernández-del-Carmen A, Granell A, and Orzaez D. GoldenBraid: an iterative cloning system for standardized assembly of reusable genetic modules. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21622. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0021622 |

   GoldenBraid

5. Engler C, Kandzia R, and Marillonnet S. A one pot, one step, precision cloning method with high throughput capability. PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3647. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0003647 |

   GoldenGate

6. Quan J and Tian J. Circular polymerase extension cloning of complex gene libraries and pathways. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 30;4(7):e6441. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0006441 |

   CPEC

7. Gibson DG, Benders GA, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Baden-Tillson H, Zaveri J, Stockwell TB, Brownley A, Thomas DW, Algire MA, Merryman C, Young L, Noskov VN, Glass JI, Venter JC, Hutchison CA 3rd, and Smith HO. Complete chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium genome. Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1215-20. DOI:10.1126/science.1151721 |
8. Gibson DG, Young L, Chuang RY, Venter JC, Hutchison CA 3rd, and Smith HO. Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases. Nat Methods. 2009 May;6(5):343-5. DOI:10.1038/nmeth.1318 |

   T5 exonuclease recombination

9. Li MZ and Elledge SJ. Harnessing homologous recombination in vitro to generate recombinant DNA via SLIC. Nat Methods. 2007 Mar;4(3):251-6. DOI:10.1038/nmeth1010 |

   SLIC

10. Li MZ and Elledge SJ. SLIC: a method for sequence- and ligation-independent cloning. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;852:51-9. DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-564-0_5 |

    SLIC

11. Sleight SC, Bartley BA, Lieviant JA, and Sauro HM. In-Fusion BioBrick assembly and re-engineering. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 May;38(8):2624-36. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkq179 |

    In-Fusion biobrick

12. Zhu B, Cai G, Hall EO, and Freeman GJ. In-fusion assembly: seamless engineering of multidomain fusion proteins, modular vectors, and mutations. Biotechniques. 2007 Sep;43(3):354-9. DOI:10.2144/000112536 |

    in-fusion

13. Benoit RM, Wilhelm RN, Scherer-Becker D, and Ostermeier C. An improved method for fast, robust, and seamless integration of DNA fragments into multiple plasmids. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jan;45(1):66-71. DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2005.09.022 |

    in-fusion

14. Geu-Flores F, Nour-Eldin HH, Nielsen MT, and Halkier BA. USER fusion: a rapid and efficient method for simultaneous fusion and cloning of multiple PCR products. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(7):e55. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkm106 |

    USER

15. Gibson DG. Synthesis of DNA fragments in yeast by one-step assembly of overlapping oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Nov;37(20):6984-90. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkp687 |

    oligonucleotide assembly

16. Horton RM, Cai ZL, Ho SN, and Pease LR. Gene splicing by overlap extension: tailor-made genes using the polymerase chain reaction. Biotechniques. 1990 May;8(5):528-35.

    SOEing

17. Czar MJ, Anderson JC, Bader JS, and Peccoud J. Gene synthesis demystified. Trends Biotechnol. 2009 Feb;27(2):63-72. DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.10.007 |

    review

18. Stemmer WP, Crameri A, Ha KD, Brennan TM, and Heyneker HL. Single-step assembly of a gene and entire plasmid from large numbers of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Gene. 1995 Oct 16;164(1):49-53. DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00511-4 |

    PCA

19. Aslanidis C and de Jong PJ. Ligation-independent cloning of PCR products (LIC-PCR). Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 25;18(20):6069-74. DOI:10.1093/nar/18.20.6069 |

    LIC

20. Aslanidis C, de Jong PJ, and Schmitz G. Minimal length requirement of the single-stranded tails for ligation-independent cloning (LIC) of PCR products. PCR Methods Appl. 1994 Dec;4(3):172-7. DOI:10.1101/gr.4.3.172 |

    LIC

21. Li C and Evans RM. Ligation independent cloning irrespective of restriction site compatibility. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Oct 15;25(20):4165-6. DOI:10.1093/nar/25.20.4165 |

    LIC

22. Angrand PO, Daigle N, van der Hoeven F, Schöler HR, and Stewart AF. Simplified generation of targeting constructs using ET recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Sep 1;27(17):e16. DOI:10.1093/nar/27.17.e16 |

    lambda Red recombinase

23. Hartley JL, Temple GF, and Brasch MA. DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. Genome Res. 2000 Nov;10(11):1788-95. DOI:10.1101/gr.143000 |

    Gateway lambda Int

24. Khalil AM, Julius JA, and Bachant J. One step construction of PCR mutagenized libraries for genetic analysis by recombination cloning. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(16):e104. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkm583 |

    Gateway lambda Cre

25. Larionov V, Kouprina N, Graves J, Chen XN, Korenberg JR, and Resnick MA. Specific cloning of human DNA as yeast artificial chromosomes by transformation-associated recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):491-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.1.491 |

    Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning

26. j5 DNA Assembly Design Automation Software doi: 10.1021/sb2000116

27. Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, Noskov VN, Chuang RY, Algire MA, Benders GA, Montague MG, Ma L, Moodie MM, Merryman C, Vashee S, Krishnakumar R, Assad-Garcia N, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Young L, Qi ZQ, Segall-Shapiro TH, Calvey CH, Parmar PP, Hutchison CA 3rd, Smith HO, and Venter JC. Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):52-6. DOI:10.1126/science.1190719 |

    genome replacement

28. Li MZ and Elledge SJ. MAGIC, an in vivo genetic method for the rapid construction of recombinant DNA molecules. Nat Genet. 2005 Mar;37(3):311-9. DOI:10.1038/ng1505 |

    MAGIC, bacterial mating approach

1. Zhang2012 pmid=22241772

//SLiCe