Carbohydrate vaccines: Difference between revisions
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===Materials and Methods== | |||
===Expected Outcome=== | |||
==Papers on the topic== | ==Papers on the topic== | ||
Revision as of 20:34, 25 April 2011
Overview
Emerging field of glycoimmunology: vaccines using carbohydrates!
Importance:
- Way to combat increasing antibiotic resistance
Background
Viruses often take advantage of surface carbohydrates (glycans) for binding epitopes.
T-cell immune responses are activated by carbohydrate antigens (Astronomo).
The CD4+ helper T cells are activated by proteins and have Carbohydrate-specific antibodies usually have lower affinity than protein-specific antibodies. Most likely this is because carbohydrates have less conformational flexibility when present in its complex form.
Definitions
Standard definition of vaccines: "provide protection by inducing humoral and/or cellular immunity to disease-causing pathogens." (Astronomo)
Lectin - sugar binding protein
Glycan - polysaccharide or oligosaccharide
Advantages:
- Pathogenic cell surfaces usually have distinct and characteristic carbohydrate proteins which can be targeted (Hecht)
- The fast mutation rates in pathogens does not directly affect the carbohydrates on the cell surface (Hecht)
Disadvantages:
- Often difficult to isolate carbohydrates (Hecht)
Project Ideas
=Materials and Methods
Expected Outcome
Papers on the topic
Astronomo, Rena D., & Burton, Dennis R. Carbohydrate vaccines: developing sweet solutions to sticky situations? (2010). Nature 9, 308-324. http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v9/n4/full/nrd3012.html
Frank, Martin., & Schlossing, Siegfried. Bioinformatics and molecular modeling in glycobiology. (2010). Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 67, 2749-2772. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20364395 (about carbohydrates in general, might need it as reference)
Hecht, Marie-Lyn., Stallforth, Pierre., Silva, Daniel Varon., Adibekian, Alexander.,& Seeberger, Peter H. Recent advances in carbohydrate-based vaccines.(2009). Current Opinion In Chemical Biology 13, 354-359. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19560394
Huang, YL., & Wu, CY. Carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. (2010). Expert Rev. Vaccines 11, 1257-1274. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21087106 (abstract)
Lucas, AH., Apicella, MA., & Taylor, CE. Carbohydrate moieties as vaccine candidates. (2005). Clin. Infect. Dis. 41(5), 705-7012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16080094
Vliegenthart, Johannes F. G. Carbohydrate based vaccines. (2006). FEBS Letters 580, 2945-2950. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16630616
