IGEM:MIT/2007/Heavy Metals

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Contents

Reviews

  • Excellent Summary of Bacterial Metal Resistance (a must read)
  1. Silver S and Phung le T. . pmid:16133099. PubMed HubMed [Silver05]
  • A Good Overview on Pollution (though slightly back-dated): Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soil by trace metals [1]
  • A summary of Pollutants from the EPA [2]
  • Review Papers on Bioremediation
  1. Paul D, Pandey G, Pandey J, and Jain RK. . pmid:15734556. PubMed HubMed [Paul05]
  2. Valls M and de Lorenzo V. . pmid:12413663. PubMed HubMed [Valls02]
  3. Bruins MR, Kapil S, and Oehme FW. . pmid:10702338. PubMed HubMed [Bruins00]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed
  • Paul - discusses advantages/disadvantages/problems of bioremediation
  • Bruins, Valls - discusses various kinds of bioremediation systems

Heavy Metal Binding Proteins/Peptides

  1. Samuelson P, Wernérus H, Svedberg M, and Ståhl S. . pmid:10698802. PubMed HubMed [Samuelson00]
  2. Pazirandeh M, Wells BM, and Ryan RL. . pmid:9758845. PubMed HubMed [Biosorbants]
  3. Kotrba P, Dolecková L, de Lorenzo V, and Ruml T. . pmid:10049868. PubMed HubMed [Kotrba99]
  4. Mejáre M and Bülow L. . pmid:11164556. PubMed HubMed [Mejare01]
  5. Lu Y, Berry SM, and Pfister TD. . pmid:11710062. PubMed HubMed [Lu01]
  6. Bae W, Chen W, Mulchandani A, and Mehra RK. . pmid:11042548. PubMed HubMed [Bae00]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed

Cadmium

Summary

  • Cd causes damage to cells primarily by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes single-strand DNA damage and disrupts the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Cd is also an inhibitor of the DNA mismatch repair system…Results of this study confirmed that Cd toxicity caused profound changes in gene expression in which several stress response systems were induced simultaneously.
  • known carcinogen
  • Most recent(June06) paper on e.coli bioaccumulation of Cd
  1. Deng X, Yi XE, and Liu G. . pmid:16890348. PubMed HubMed [Deng06]

Contamination Levels/Limits

  • MCL(Maximum Containment Level): 5 ppb
  • MCLG(Maximum Containment Level Goal): 5 ppb
  1. Staessen JA, Lauwerys RR, Ide G, Roels HA, Vyncke G, and Amery A. . pmid:7911869. PubMed HubMed [Staessen94]
  2. Satarug S, Baker JR, Urbenjapol S, Haswell-Elkins M, Reilly PE, Williams DJ, and Moore MR. . pmid:12505433. PubMed HubMed [Satarug03]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed


Cadmium Contamination Sites

  1. Ishihara T, Kobayashi E, Okubo Y, Suwazono Y, Kido T, Nishijyo M, Nakagawa H, and Nogawa K. . pmid:11376862. PubMed HubMed [Ishihara01]
Plachimada, India: [3]
    • statistics on Pb, Cd, Cr levels in well water surrounding a Coca-Cola plant (2006)
    • pictures too :)


Promoters

Pubmed: Plasmid pI258 (from S.aureus) cadmium resistance (cadA) gene, complete cds [4]

  1. Brocklehurst KR, Megit SJ, and Morby AP. . pmid:12901859. PubMed HubMed [Brocklehurst03]
  • Brocklehurst - contains sequence for ZntR/CadR and PzntA/PcadA
    • Semmie's article on CadC linked with GFP [5]

Mercury

Contamination Levels/Limits

  • MCL: 2 ppb
  • MCLG: 2 ppb
  • 20 ppb makes the fish mercury buildup significant

Polluted sites

    • Onondaga lake [6] [7] [8]
    • Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge [9]


Detection (to assess our system)


Promoter

  1. Hamlett NV, Landale EC, Davis BH, and Summers AO. . pmid:1328156. PubMed HubMed [Hamlett92]
  2. Park SJ, Wireman J, and Summers AO. . pmid:1312997. PubMed HubMed [Park92]
  3. Condee CW and Summers AO. . pmid:1334070. PubMed HubMed [Condee92]
  4. Gambill BD and Summers AO. . pmid:4092936. PubMed HubMed [Gambill85]
  5. Hansen LH and Sørensen SJ. . pmid:11094290. PubMed HubMed [Hansen00]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed
  • Condee - Contains sequence for merO/P region
  • Hansen - Plasmid with Pmer, MerR, and reporter (lux, lac, or gfp) tested in e.coli

Sponge

  • Accumulation of Hg ions in cell membrane [10]

Current Industry Filtration Techniques

Mercury: approved by EPA - Coagulation/Filtration; Granular Activated Carbon; Lime softening; Reverse osmosis.

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