IGEM:MIT/2007/Red Team: Difference between revisions
From OpenWetWare
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
====Filtration and Coagulation==== | ====Filtration and Coagulation==== | ||
*$260k Equipment | *$260k Equipment | ||
*$75k per year | *$75k per year | ||
| Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
====Lime Softening==== | ====Lime Softening==== | ||
*$255k Equipment | *$255k Equipment | ||
*$37k per year | *$37k per year | ||
| Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
*In lime softening, hydrated lime that is, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2is added to water to precipitate calcium carbonate before the water is used. The amount of lime required will depend on hardness levels. The process requires a settlement period and its effectiveness is governed by the pH of the water. Lime softening is a complex process and therefore is usually limited to situations where constant monitoring is available. | *In lime softening, hydrated lime that is, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2is added to water to precipitate calcium carbonate before the water is used. The amount of lime required will depend on hardness levels. The process requires a settlement period and its effectiveness is governed by the pH of the water. Lime softening is a complex process and therefore is usually limited to situations where constant monitoring is available. | ||
====Reverse Osmosis==== | |||
*$600k Equipment | *$600k Equipment | ||
*$400k per year | *$400k per year | ||
| Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
====Granular Activated Carbon==== | ====Granular Activated Carbon==== | ||
*$680k Equipment | *$680k Equipment | ||
*$125k per year | *$125k per year | ||
| Line 31: | Line 33: | ||
*Effectiveness varies on contaminant type | *Effectiveness varies on contaminant type | ||
====Ion Exchange==== | |||
*$180k Equipment | *$180k Equipment | ||
*$8k per year | *$8k per year | ||
| Line 41: | Line 43: | ||
===Small Scale=== | ===Small Scale (Home Use)=== | ||
====Reverse Osmosis==== | ====Reverse Osmosis==== | ||
*$200 | *$200 | ||
*450 gallons | *450 gallons | ||
| Line 50: | Line 53: | ||
====Granular Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange==== | ====Granular Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange==== | ||
*Brita Filter | *Brita Filter | ||
*1000 gal for $220 per year | *1000 gal for $220 per year | ||
*$9 for 40 gal upkeep | *$9 for 40 gal upkeep | ||
*So $.22/gal | |||
==E.coFilter== | |||
Revision as of 11:57, 12 July 2007
Cost Analysis
- US Dept. of the Interior; Bureau of Reclamation Hg and Cd Cost sheet [1]
Large Scale (250,000 gal/day)
Filtration and Coagulation
- $260k Equipment
- $75k per year
- Only for insoluble Hg and Cd
- High sludge volume
Lime Softening
- $255k Equipment
- $37k per year
- Lots of sludge
- Will require filtration and coagulation
- In lime softening, hydrated lime that is, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2is added to water to precipitate calcium carbonate before the water is used. The amount of lime required will depend on hardness levels. The process requires a settlement period and its effectiveness is governed by the pH of the water. Lime softening is a complex process and therefore is usually limited to situations where constant monitoring is available.
Reverse Osmosis
- $600k Equipment
- $400k per year
- Frequent monitoring
Granular Activated Carbon
- $680k Equipment
- $125k per year
- Bacteria can grow on carbon surface
- Effectiveness varies on contaminant type
Ion Exchange
- $180k Equipment
- $8k per year
- Requires Salt storage
- [2]
- Strong Acid Cation exchanger Works best with Cadmium...not mercury
- Chelation for Hg is 1867x stronger than Cd...would require 2 times
Small Scale (Home Use)
Reverse Osmosis
- $200
- 450 gallons
- $.44/gal
- [3]
Granular Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange
- Brita Filter
- 1000 gal for $220 per year
- $9 for 40 gal upkeep
- So $.22/gal
