IGEM:Paris Bettencourt 2012/Previous Biosafety iGEM Projects: Difference between revisions
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! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Notebooks | Notebooks]] | |||
! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Design | Design]] | |||
! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Roadmap | Roadmap]] | |||
! [[Meetings and to-dos]] | |||
! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Protocols | Protocols]] | |||
! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Bibliography | Bibliography]] | |||
! [[IGEM:Paris_Bettencourt_2012/Previous_Biosafety_iGEM_Projects | Previous Biosafety iGEM projects]] | |||
|} | |||
{| border="1" width="100%" | {| border="1" width="100%" | ||
! width=" | ! width="10%" | Team | ||
! width=" | ! width="5%" | Year | ||
! width=" | ! width="10%" | Project Name | ||
! width=" | ! width="25%" | Project Summary | ||
! width=" | ! width="25%" | Biosafety Idea | ||
! width="25%" | Efficiency | |||
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| <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews Kill switch engage!] </center> | | <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews Kill switch engage!] </center> | ||
| Kill switch | | Kill switch | ||
| '''''Kill switch.''''' Our kill switch is designed by inserting an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene into E.Coli | | '''''Kill switch.''''' "Our kill switch is designed by inserting an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene into E.Coli" | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/biosafe Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/biosafe Read More] </p> | ||
| Used the LIVE/DEAD Baclight Bacterial Viability kit, but don't have any quantitative results in terms of number or proportion of cell death. "The relationship between the concentration of arabinose and the amount and rate of cell death seems linear in nature." | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| Engineer bacteria to accelerate plant root development | | Engineer bacteria to accelerate plant root development | ||
| '''''Toxin/antitoxin.''''' Consits of the insertion of the Holin + Endolysine and Anti Holin genes. | | '''''Toxin/antitoxin.''''' Consits of the insertion of the Holin + Endolysine and Anti Holin genes. | ||
*Holin is a protein that forms pores in cell membranes | |||
* Anti-holin binds to holin, inhibiting it's action. | |||
*Once pores are formed by holin, lysozyme can access the periplasmic space and degrade the cell wall, causing cell lysis. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/Project_Gene_Overview Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/Project_Gene_Overview Read More] </p> | ||
| Anti-holin was expressed in cells, but no experiments for this system have been made. "It seems very likely that our GM E. coli have been able to survive in soil and retain their plasmid for six weeks despite competition and selective pressure against the plasmid." | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''''Encapsulation in a gel.''''' We encapsulated our bacteria in beeds made out of a non toxic gel. | | '''''Encapsulation in a gel.''''' We encapsulated our bacteria in beeds made out of a non toxic gel. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:BCCS-Bristol/Wetlab/Safety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:BCCS-Bristol/Wetlab/Safety Read More] </p> | ||
| Due to the beads, "bacteria are kept separate from the environment, reducing public safety fears." No quantification provided. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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# Develop a strategy to monitory the presence of the modified bacteria in the crops fields based on color markers (no design made). | # Develop a strategy to monitory the presence of the modified bacteria in the crops fields based on color markers (no design made). | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Colombia/Safety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Colombia/Safety Read More] </p> | ||
| No results | |||
|- | |- | ||
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#Contain a suicide system to enable effective elimination of the organism when so desired | #Contain a suicide system to enable effective elimination of the organism when so desired | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia/Wild What experts say] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia/Wild What experts say] </p> | ||
| No results | |||
|- | |- | ||
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# Plasmid can’t be replicated in another bacteria | # Plasmid can’t be replicated in another bacteria | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Peking/Biosafety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Peking/Biosafety Read More] </p> | ||
| No results | |||
|- | |- | ||
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They do not believe that their BioBrick parts will have any negative effect on the environment. But they could be interested by our project! | They do not believe that their BioBrick parts will have any negative effect on the environment. But they could be interested by our project! | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/Lab/Safety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/Lab/Safety Read More] </p> | ||
| Not applicable | |||
|- | |- | ||
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*Bacterium E.D. Frosti induces ice crystallization, using the ice-nucleating protein (INP), or inhibits ice crystal formation, using the anti-freeze protein (AFP), depending on the given stimulus. | *Bacterium E.D. Frosti induces ice crystallization, using the ice-nucleating protein (INP), or inhibits ice crystal formation, using the anti-freeze protein (AFP), depending on the given stimulus. | ||
*These proteins will be extracellularly anchored at E.D. Frosti’s cell membrane. | *These proteins will be extracellularly anchored at E.D. Frosti’s cell membrane. | ||
| '''''Suicide mechanism: DNA nuclease.''''' | | '''''Suicide mechanism: DNA nuclease.''''' (ideas) | ||
*Destruction of the DNA > bacteria dies, but keeps its shape so it can still do its job (functional protein are at the surface of the membrane). | *Destruction of the DNA > bacteria dies, but keeps its shape so it can still do its job (functional protein are at the surface of the membrane). | ||
*The suicide mechanism activity is mediated by an “AND”-gate system: the cell death mechanism is only activated when one of the two stimuli is given, AND a sudden decrease in temperature (a cold-shock) occurs | *The suicide mechanism activity is mediated by an “AND”-gate system: the cell death mechanism is only activated when one of the two stimuli is given, AND a sudden decrease in temperature (a cold-shock) occurs | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:KULeuven/Description Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:KULeuven/Description Read More] </p> | ||
| No constructions, no results. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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*This killing cassette is induced by a normaly absent reagent that could easily be added in case of contamination | *This killing cassette is induced by a normaly absent reagent that could easily be added in case of contamination | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:LMU-Munich/Safety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:LMU-Munich/Safety Read More] </p> | ||
| No results. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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*easy purification of water | *easy purification of water | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Lyon-INSA-ENS/Project/Context Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Lyon-INSA-ENS/Project/Context Read More] </p> | ||
| No quantitative results. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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*Induced when T°>42°C | *Induced when T°>42°C | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:METU-Ankara#project5 Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:METU-Ankara#project5 Read More] </p> | ||
| No quantitative results. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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*Another similar “suicide” containment system uses streptavidin (BBa_J36841) (Kaplan, Mello et al. 1999; Urgun-Demirtas, Stark et al. 2006). This protein binds very tightly to biotin, a required co-enzyme for many metabolic pathways. This makes biotin unavailable and causes cell death. Kaplan et al. reported cell counts were reduced 99.9% in eight hours after their system was activated by absence of pollutant to degrade. | *Another similar “suicide” containment system uses streptavidin (BBa_J36841) (Kaplan, Mello et al. 1999; Urgun-Demirtas, Stark et al. 2006). This protein binds very tightly to biotin, a required co-enzyme for many metabolic pathways. This makes biotin unavailable and causes cell death. Kaplan et al. reported cell counts were reduced 99.9% in eight hours after their system was activated by absence of pollutant to degrade. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Biosafety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Biosafety Read More] </p> | ||
| No results | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> Berkeley</center> | | <center> Berkeley</center> | ||
| <center> 2010 </center> | | <center> 2010 </center> | ||
| <center> [http:// | | <center> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Berkeley] </center> | ||
| Choa Choa's Delivery Service | | Choa Choa's Delivery Service | ||
| Clotho Framework: | | Clotho Framework: | ||
Clotho implements the current biosafety standards as outlined by the NIH and the CDC. Whenever a new part is instantiated, Clotho BLAST's its sequence against a databank of known virulence factors and pathogens and returns the RG number of the highest match. This framework ensures that every part in Clotho has a RG value associated with it. In addition, when composite parts are made by joining basic parts, the composite part is also assigned a BSL number. Finally, all strains in Clotho have a risk group. | Clotho implements the current biosafety standards as outlined by the NIH and the CDC. Whenever a new part is instantiated, Clotho BLAST's its sequence against a databank of known virulence factors and pathogens and returns the RG number of the highest match. This framework ensures that every part in Clotho has a RG value associated with it. In addition, when composite parts are made by joining basic parts, the composite part is also assigned a BSL number. Finally, all strains in Clotho have a risk group. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http:// | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Berkeley/Clotho Read More] </p> | ||
| Not applicable. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| Promoter responsive to synthetic chemicals not present in nature. | | Promoter responsive to synthetic chemicals not present in nature. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:WITS-CSIR_SA/Project/Safety Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:WITS-CSIR_SA/Project/Safety Read More] </p> | ||
| Not applicable. | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| FLP recombination to remove resistance gene, eg. FRT - Cm - FRT will remove the Cm resistance gene | | FLP recombination to remove resistance gene, eg. FRT - Cm - FRT will remove the Cm resistance gene | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:ULB-Brussels/removing Read More] </p> | <p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:ULB-Brussels/removing Read More] </p> | ||
| "All 32 candidates that contained pINDEL grew on LB but none of them grew on LB Cm plates indicating that all of them have lost the antibiotic resistance cassette, sgowing the the DEL function of pINDEL functions properly." | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <center> Illinois </center> | | <center> Illinois-Tools </center> | ||
| <center> 2009 </center> | | <center> 2009 </center> | ||
| <center> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Illinois-Tools Interactive Metabolic Pathway Tools (IMP Tools)] </center> | | <center> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Illinois-Tools Interactive Metabolic Pathway Tools (IMP Tools)] </center> | ||
| Kill switch | | Open source, web based program that involves model-guided cellular engineering where new metabolic functions can be added to existing microorganisms. | ||
| '''''Kill switch.''''' Our | *It takes a user-defined input compound, output compound, and weighting scheme and determines the ideal pathway from the starting to the ending compound | ||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http:// | |By '''''limiting ATP produced''''' we lessen the chances of a cell growing vigorously and being a potential danger to the environment. | ||
* The actual means to prevent this is by creating a script that will analyze ATP consumption and production. | |||
*With this information, you are able to adjust the ATP metabolism in whatever way you want. | |||
*You will be able to keep the production low enough so cell processes can still occur and allow the cell to grow to an extent but not high enough that it can potentially grow out of control | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Illinois-Tools/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Harvard </center> | |||
| <center> 2009 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard Optical communication] </center> | |||
| Our team has constructed a system that allows for interspecies, bacteria-to-yeast optical communication | |||
| A bacterial blackboard using a yeast two hybrid system and luciferase proteins. The blackboard can only '''''be activated with a certain frequency of light, and must be erased with a different frequency of light.''''' | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Ethics Read More] </p> | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Michigan </center> | |||
| <center> 2009 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Michigan The Toluene Terminator] </center> | |||
| The Toluene Terminator is a Pseudomonas putida device that aims to: | |||
#identify the toxic compound toluene in an environmental setting (e.g. a spill into soil from an underground petrol tank), | |||
#move to and uptake it, | |||
#metabolize it, | |||
#destroy itself when all of the toluene has been metabolized. | |||
|'''''A kill switch that operates through the Enterobacteria phage T4 Lysis Device (lysozyme, holin, and antiholin)''''' created by the Berkley 2008 team. We proposed two mechanisms for cell lysis: | |||
*arabinose inducible suicide mechanism | |||
*suicide mechanism with tunable repression. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Michigan/Project See the designs] </p> | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Queens Canada 2011 </center> | |||
| <center> 2011 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada Nemoremediation] </center> | |||
| Engineering C.elegans for advanced bioremediation | |||
| '''''Kill switch.''''' | |||
*'''''MRT-2 mutant Kill Switch''''' | |||
This is an indirect kill switch. The teams plans to use a mutant strain of bacteria which has losts its molecules for immortality. It can reproduce for only a couple generation and will then become sterile, leading to the extinction of this bacteria population. | |||
*'''''RNAi Kill Switch''''' | |||
RNAi knockout is a method of gene regulation where double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is introduced to the worm, binding to gene products such as specific RNAs (mRNA), thereby decreasing or eradicating RNA activity by recycling said products. Only a few dsRNA molecules per cell are required to produce effective interference. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada/Side/KillSwitch Read More] </p> | |||
| | |||
*'''''MRT-2 mutant Kill Switch''''' | |||
"Given that the germ-line of the mrt-2 mutant has a limited number of generations in which it can reproduce, our created strain is timed for eventual extinction of a span between 2 months and 1 year, with the average being 6.25 months". However, no experiment is provided, and so we do not know how they obtained these numbers, but we could assume they come from the literature. | |||
*'''''RNAi Kill Switch''''' | |||
No results | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Unist Korea </center> | |||
| <center> 2011 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:UNIST_Korea CHOp-Coli-LATE] </center> | |||
| Safety device that is off when bateria senses the that it is in its native environment (the fermentor) but that activates and leads to bacterial suicide when the bacteria escapes the fermentor (it senses that it is in a non native environment). | |||
|Self killing device that will activate if the bacteria's environment changes and lyse the bacteria's DNA. Turns on in the presence of: low temperature, light, change of osmolality. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:UNIST_Korea/project/modules Read More] </p> | |||
| The team managed to have the sensor part work (the bacteria can efficiently sense a change in light, temperature and osmolality. However they did not manage to get the lysis module to work. Therefore this system was never completed, so there are no results available in terms of its efficency to prevent bacterial escape from the fermentor. | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Tokyo NoKoGen </center> | |||
| <center> 2011 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen EcoLion] </center> | |||
| E. coli collecting heavy metal ions | |||
| | |||
#'''''Collecting E.coli''''' with phototaxis or aggregation | |||
#'''''Kill switch:''''' Holin/Endolysin system (for the reamining bacteria that were excaped collecting) | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen/photocontrol Read More] </p> | |||
| | |||
#'''''Collection E.coli''''' | |||
#:* the team did not get conclusive results for phototaxis. | |||
#:* the team showed that bacteria with the aggregation module aggregaated more then the control, although they were not able to control this aggregation: their iPTG inducible promoter gave results expected if it was a constitutively active one, suggesting leakage. | |||
#'''''Kill switch:''''' | |||
#: Within 2 hours after addition of IPTG, the OD660 went down by 80%, indicating that the lysis genes were successfully induced by IPTG. However, we should wonder if 80% is good enough... | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Duke </center> | |||
| <center> 2009 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Illinois-Tools IMPtools] </center> | |||
| "Interactive Metabolic Pathway Tools (IMP Tools) is an open source, web based program that involves model-guided cellular engineering where new metabolic functions can be added to existing microorganisms. | |||
*This program will assist in the design stage of synthetic biology research. | |||
* It takes a user-defined input compound, output compound, and weighting scheme and determines the ideal pathway from the starting to the ending compound." | |||
| "ATP is the energy within a cell and a majority of what it relies on to flourish. """"""By limiting ATP produced we lessen the chances of a cell growing vigorously and being a potential danger to the environment"""""". | |||
*The actual means to prevent this is by creating a script that will analyze ATP consumption and production. | |||
* With this information, you are able to adjust the ATP metabolism in whatever way you want. | |||
*You will be able to keep the production low enough so cell processes can still occur and allow the cell to grow to an extent but not high enough that it can potentially grow out of control. " | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Illinois-Tools/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| <center> UCSF </center> | |||
| <center> 2010 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:UCSF Synthetic Cancer Killers] </center> | |||
| "Killer cells of the immune system identify cancer and pathogen-infected cells and kill them. These potent killers travel throughout the body, recognizing proteins and other molecules on the surface of cells. In order to differentiate between healthy and diseased cells, killer cells use a variety of receptors, which bind to specific ligands on the target cells’ surface. If the target cell is deemed potentially dangerous, the killer cell grips the target cell tightly and creates an immunological synapse at the site of adhesion. Within this immunological synapse, the killer cell releases cytotoxic granules to kill the target cell without harming nearby cells, triggering a directed apoptotic response. | |||
Our team will focus on improving killer cells’ specificity and killing efficiency towards cancerous target cells. By using tools of synthetic biology, we hope to create powerful killing bio-machines to fight cancer. Our newly engineered synthetic devices would have the potential to enhance current adoptive cell-based immunotherapy for cancer patients." | |||
| We believe that as long as the proper precautions are taken and the safety guidelines are followed, most potential safety concerns can be prevented. None of our genes, parts, or devices are considered potentially oncogenic or pathogenic which would require a safety rating above BSL1. We specifically chose not to use materials from known pathogens. A possible extra precaution to make parts, devices, and systems safer would have been to put suicide genes into the sequences to prevent unintended introductions of them into the environment, but this was less necessary based upon the components and systems we used. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:UCSF/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| <center> University of Waterloo </center> | |||
| <center> 2008 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2008.igem.org/Team:Waterloo Genome-free Bacterial Bioproduct Factory: ] </center> | |||
| A bacterial cell already containing a plasmid encoding bioproduct synthesis genes, will self-destruct by degrading its own genome and transiently produce the bioproduct until cell resources have been exhausted. | |||
| | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2008.igem.org/Team:Waterloo/Project Read More] </p> | |||
| No result, bronze medal | |||
|- | |||
| <center> Bielefeld-Germany </center> | |||
| <center> 2011 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany the Bisphenol-A team] </center> | |||
| "The development of sensitive and selective biosensors is an important research field in synthetic biology. Biosensors can be applied in a wide range of uses - from the detection of environmental toxics up to clinical diagnostics. Because cells have to sense their surroundings, there are a lot of natural systems that are similar to a biosensor. Prejudicial cellular biosensors often show negative side effects that complicate any practical application. Common problems are the limited use outside of a gene laboratory due to the use of genetically engineered cells, the low durability because of the usage of living cells and the appearance of undesired signals induced by endogenous metabolic pathways. | |||
To solve these problems, the iGEM-Team Bielefeld 2011 aims to develope a cell-free bisphenol A (BPA) biosensor based on a coupled enzyme reaction fused to S-layer proteins for everyday use. Bisphenol A is a supposedly harmful substance which is used in the production of polycarbonate. To detect BPA it is degraded by a fusion protein under formation of NAD+ which is detected by an NAD+-dependent enzymatic reaction with a molecular beacon. Both enzymes are fused to S-layer proteins which build up well-defined nanosurfaces and are attached to the surface of beads. By providing these nanobiotechnological building blocks the system is expandable to other applications." | |||
| Our approach is a cell free biosensor. One advantage is that no living organisms need to be used outside the lab for the application of our system. We want to provide S-layers as nanobiotechnological building blocks for cell free biosensors. By fusing different enzymes to these proteins, a variety of biosensors can be build. Further cell free applications are possible and we think that when more projects are focusing on cell free systems this is also a contribution to more safety and security. All GMOs can stay in the lab, therefore are grown under controlled conditions and only qualified personnel has access to them. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2011.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| <center> CHIBA </center> | |||
| <center> 2010 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Chiba Double Click] </center> | |||
| We’re inspired by double-click of computer’s mouse. It doesn’t react to the first click but does react when it is accompanied by the second one. This is one of the most accepted, familiarized, and proven mechanism to diminish the erroneous operation. This fail-safe technology should find various uses also in biotechnology. | |||
| "If there is only an input, nothing happens. | |||
Duration of the input is not the matter. The circuit cares only the number of input. | |||
However, a certain time after the 1st input, it returns to the initial state. | |||
Giving two inputs in the limited time the circuit get activated (gives output)." | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:Chiba/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
| System did not work | |||
|- | |||
| <center> HKU-Hong Kong </center> | |||
| <center> 2010 </center> | |||
| <center> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:HKU-Hong_Kong The Bio-Safety Net] </center> | |||
| "By using different promoters, the system can respond to changes in environmental factors and control expression specific to a chosen factor. Such mechanism can be easily assembled and incorporated into bacteria through the use of biobricks. | |||
Our team’s project is a “bio-safety net” that limits the survival of bacteria according to tailored conditions." | |||
| Killswitch using T4 holin ,T4 anti holin, and lysozyme system (or Gene E), under control of pBAD and pLAC | |||
<p style="text-align:right;"> [http://2010.igem.org/Team:HKU-Hong_Kong/Safety Read More] </p> | |||
| After 8 hours, cells implementing this circuit had an OD of 0.0309 versus an OD of 1.9414 and 1.9651 in cells where the circuit was suppressed. | |||
|- | |- | ||
Latest revision as of 18:45, 26 September 2012
Notebooks | Design | Roadmap | Meetings and to-dos | Protocols | Bibliography | Previous Biosafety iGEM projects |
---|
Team | Year | Project Name | Project Summary | Biosafety Idea | Efficiency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kill switch | Kill switch. "Our kill switch is designed by inserting an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene into E.Coli" | Used the LIVE/DEAD Baclight Bacterial Viability kit, but don't have any quantitative results in terms of number or proportion of cell death. "The relationship between the concentration of arabinose and the amount and rate of cell death seems linear in nature." | |||
Engineer bacteria to accelerate plant root development | Toxin/antitoxin. Consits of the insertion of the Holin + Endolysine and Anti Holin genes.
|
Anti-holin was expressed in cells, but no experiments for this system have been made. "It seems very likely that our GM E. coli have been able to survive in soil and retain their plasmid for six weeks despite competition and selective pressure against the plasmid." | |||
Bacteria that detects and signals the presence of nitrates | Encapsulation in a gel. We encapsulated our bacteria in beeds made out of a non toxic gel. | Due to the beads, "bacteria are kept separate from the environment, reducing public safety fears." No quantification provided. | |||
Detect chitin,and alert the plant by stimulating an early hypersensitive response against infection. | A few ideas but no design:
|
No results | |||
Optimize production of terpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (to help trees fight invading beetles and fungi) | A few ideas (no design):
|
No results | |||
Heavy metal bioreporter and bioabsorbent engineering | A few superficial ideas:
|
No results | |||
Projects which could be useful for a space travelling:
|
Not about biosafety, but:
They do not believe that their BioBrick parts will have any negative effect on the environment. But they could be interested by our project! |
Not applicable | |||
CONTROLLING ICE FORMATION.
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Suicide mechanism: DNA nuclease. (ideas)
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No constructions, no results. | |||
Biosensor to detect metals in waste water | One idea (no design):
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No results. | |||
Decontamination of radioactive cobalt in water by a biofilm | Biofilm & Adherence =
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No quantitative results. | |||
Sensing methane gas and converting it into methanol | Kill switch = Toxin temperature induced
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No quantitative results. | |||
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that interact with the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors, causing problems in sexual development and reproduction of organisms | Biosafety ideas:
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No results | |||
Choa Choa's Delivery Service | Clotho Framework:
Clotho implements the current biosafety standards as outlined by the NIH and the CDC. Whenever a new part is instantiated, Clotho BLAST's its sequence against a databank of known virulence factors and pathogens and returns the RG number of the highest match. This framework ensures that every part in Clotho has a RG value associated with it. In addition, when composite parts are made by joining basic parts, the composite part is also assigned a BSL number. Finally, all strains in Clotho have a risk group. |
Not applicable. | |||
Engineer bacteria to allow them to transport packets of chemicals, and then form a network. | Promoter responsive to synthetic chemicals not present in nature. | Not applicable. | |||
An easy way to allowing the insertion and/or deletion of genes in the E. coli chromosome in a minimal number of steps | FLP recombination to remove resistance gene, eg. FRT - Cm - FRT will remove the Cm resistance gene | "All 32 candidates that contained pINDEL grew on LB but none of them grew on LB Cm plates indicating that all of them have lost the antibiotic resistance cassette, sgowing the the DEL function of pINDEL functions properly." | |||
They want to make bread with yeast producing Vitamin | their yeast strain lacks functional pathways for seven essential aa. | ||||
How to express a gene after a certain lifespan. The use Linear DNA, in which a repressor will be degraded after few cell division. | "they want to control exact cell’s life time (or death time) depending on the number of cell division times.
They get rid of the exonucelase problem by inserting multiple protein binding site that will be degraded when division occurs, but not with exonucleases. The repressor gene is degraded after a certain time." | ||||
Coli based production of anti-stress compounds in the organism to improve the quality of life | "no design but two suggestions :
One suggestion in the biosafety of the researcher is to include in the iGEM parts kit the bacterial less endotoxicchassi (developed by Berkeley UC 2007), to avoid serious septic problems in the case of an accident that leads to an intense contact with the bacteria (eye or bloodstream contact, inhalation or ingestion). Another suggestion for population and environment safety is to (somehow) include in all biobricks an operating unit that detects if the bacteria is not in a culture media (detects some molecule produced through the metabolism of a specific media constituent) and express lysozyme to kill it if it's released in the environment (idea inspired by Team UNICAMP-Brazil 2009)." | ||||
Open source, web based program that involves model-guided cellular engineering where new metabolic functions can be added to existing microorganisms.
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By limiting ATP produced we lessen the chances of a cell growing vigorously and being a potential danger to the environment.
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Our team has constructed a system that allows for interspecies, bacteria-to-yeast optical communication | A bacterial blackboard using a yeast two hybrid system and luciferase proteins. The blackboard can only be activated with a certain frequency of light, and must be erased with a different frequency of light. | ||||
The Toluene Terminator is a Pseudomonas putida device that aims to:
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A kill switch that operates through the Enterobacteria phage T4 Lysis Device (lysozyme, holin, and antiholin) created by the Berkley 2008 team. We proposed two mechanisms for cell lysis:
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Engineering C.elegans for advanced bioremediation | Kill switch.
This is an indirect kill switch. The teams plans to use a mutant strain of bacteria which has losts its molecules for immortality. It can reproduce for only a couple generation and will then become sterile, leading to the extinction of this bacteria population.
RNAi knockout is a method of gene regulation where double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is introduced to the worm, binding to gene products such as specific RNAs (mRNA), thereby decreasing or eradicating RNA activity by recycling said products. Only a few dsRNA molecules per cell are required to produce effective interference. |
"Given that the germ-line of the mrt-2 mutant has a limited number of generations in which it can reproduce, our created strain is timed for eventual extinction of a span between 2 months and 1 year, with the average being 6.25 months". However, no experiment is provided, and so we do not know how they obtained these numbers, but we could assume they come from the literature.
No results | |||
Safety device that is off when bateria senses the that it is in its native environment (the fermentor) but that activates and leads to bacterial suicide when the bacteria escapes the fermentor (it senses that it is in a non native environment). | Self killing device that will activate if the bacteria's environment changes and lyse the bacteria's DNA. Turns on in the presence of: low temperature, light, change of osmolality. | The team managed to have the sensor part work (the bacteria can efficiently sense a change in light, temperature and osmolality. However they did not manage to get the lysis module to work. Therefore this system was never completed, so there are no results available in terms of its efficency to prevent bacterial escape from the fermentor. | |||
E. coli collecting heavy metal ions |
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"Interactive Metabolic Pathway Tools (IMP Tools) is an open source, web based program that involves model-guided cellular engineering where new metabolic functions can be added to existing microorganisms.
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"ATP is the energy within a cell and a majority of what it relies on to flourish. """"""By limiting ATP produced we lessen the chances of a cell growing vigorously and being a potential danger to the environment"""""".
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"Killer cells of the immune system identify cancer and pathogen-infected cells and kill them. These potent killers travel throughout the body, recognizing proteins and other molecules on the surface of cells. In order to differentiate between healthy and diseased cells, killer cells use a variety of receptors, which bind to specific ligands on the target cells’ surface. If the target cell is deemed potentially dangerous, the killer cell grips the target cell tightly and creates an immunological synapse at the site of adhesion. Within this immunological synapse, the killer cell releases cytotoxic granules to kill the target cell without harming nearby cells, triggering a directed apoptotic response.
Our team will focus on improving killer cells’ specificity and killing efficiency towards cancerous target cells. By using tools of synthetic biology, we hope to create powerful killing bio-machines to fight cancer. Our newly engineered synthetic devices would have the potential to enhance current adoptive cell-based immunotherapy for cancer patients." |
We believe that as long as the proper precautions are taken and the safety guidelines are followed, most potential safety concerns can be prevented. None of our genes, parts, or devices are considered potentially oncogenic or pathogenic which would require a safety rating above BSL1. We specifically chose not to use materials from known pathogens. A possible extra precaution to make parts, devices, and systems safer would have been to put suicide genes into the sequences to prevent unintended introductions of them into the environment, but this was less necessary based upon the components and systems we used. | ||||
A bacterial cell already containing a plasmid encoding bioproduct synthesis genes, will self-destruct by degrading its own genome and transiently produce the bioproduct until cell resources have been exhausted. | No result, bronze medal | ||||
"The development of sensitive and selective biosensors is an important research field in synthetic biology. Biosensors can be applied in a wide range of uses - from the detection of environmental toxics up to clinical diagnostics. Because cells have to sense their surroundings, there are a lot of natural systems that are similar to a biosensor. Prejudicial cellular biosensors often show negative side effects that complicate any practical application. Common problems are the limited use outside of a gene laboratory due to the use of genetically engineered cells, the low durability because of the usage of living cells and the appearance of undesired signals induced by endogenous metabolic pathways.
To solve these problems, the iGEM-Team Bielefeld 2011 aims to develope a cell-free bisphenol A (BPA) biosensor based on a coupled enzyme reaction fused to S-layer proteins for everyday use. Bisphenol A is a supposedly harmful substance which is used in the production of polycarbonate. To detect BPA it is degraded by a fusion protein under formation of NAD+ which is detected by an NAD+-dependent enzymatic reaction with a molecular beacon. Both enzymes are fused to S-layer proteins which build up well-defined nanosurfaces and are attached to the surface of beads. By providing these nanobiotechnological building blocks the system is expandable to other applications." |
Our approach is a cell free biosensor. One advantage is that no living organisms need to be used outside the lab for the application of our system. We want to provide S-layers as nanobiotechnological building blocks for cell free biosensors. By fusing different enzymes to these proteins, a variety of biosensors can be build. Further cell free applications are possible and we think that when more projects are focusing on cell free systems this is also a contribution to more safety and security. All GMOs can stay in the lab, therefore are grown under controlled conditions and only qualified personnel has access to them. | ||||
We’re inspired by double-click of computer’s mouse. It doesn’t react to the first click but does react when it is accompanied by the second one. This is one of the most accepted, familiarized, and proven mechanism to diminish the erroneous operation. This fail-safe technology should find various uses also in biotechnology. | "If there is only an input, nothing happens.
Duration of the input is not the matter. The circuit cares only the number of input. However, a certain time after the 1st input, it returns to the initial state. Giving two inputs in the limited time the circuit get activated (gives output)." |
System did not work | |||
"By using different promoters, the system can respond to changes in environmental factors and control expression specific to a chosen factor. Such mechanism can be easily assembled and incorporated into bacteria through the use of biobricks.
Our team’s project is a “bio-safety net” that limits the survival of bacteria according to tailored conditions." |
Killswitch using T4 holin ,T4 anti holin, and lysozyme system (or Gene E), under control of pBAD and pLAC | After 8 hours, cells implementing this circuit had an OD of 0.0309 versus an OD of 1.9414 and 1.9651 in cells where the circuit was suppressed. | |||