James P. McDonald Week 3

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Biological Terms

  1. Permease: "General term for a membrane protein that increases the permeability of the plasma membrane to a particular molecule, by a process not requiring metabolic energy." [[1]]
  2. Isomerase: "An enzyme that converts molecules into their positional isomers." [[2]]
  3. Oligonucleotides: "Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesised to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (oligonucleotide probes)." [[3]]
  4. Dehydrogenase: "Enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring hydrogen to an acceptor that is either NAD/NADP or a flavin enzyme. An enzyme that is used to remove hydrogen from its substrate, which is used in the cytochrome (hydrogen carrier) system in respiration to produce a net gain of ATP." [[4]]
  5. Synthetase: "Enzymes of class 6 in the e classification, catalyse synthesis of molecules, their activity being coupled to the breakdown of a nucleotide triphosphate." [[5]]
  6. Biosynthetic: "Relating to or produced by biosynthesis." [[6]]
  7. Glutamate: "Major fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system." [[7]]
  8. Glutamine: "A crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism. One of the 20 amino acids that are commonly found in proteins." [[8]]
  9. GAP1: "General amino acid permease, a gene found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." [[9]]
  10. PUT4: "Proline permease, a gene found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." [[10]]

Outline

Introduction

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in various ammonia concentrations and the effects on the growth was observed.
    • A single dilution rate was using with a range of different ammonia concentrations.
    • The ammonia concentrations were varied to observe its effects on gene expression and enzyme activities.
  • The main result of the study was that nitrogen metabolism is dependent on ammonia concentration, not its flux.

Significance

  • Ammonia is the prefferred growth source of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as it results in faster growth.
    • Nitrogen metabolism is regulated by gene expression and enzyme activity.
  • Previous research seems to show that ammonia concentration itself is the most important factor in nitrogen metabolism.
    • But, in these previous studies the cultures have differed in ammonium flux, leaving flux as the possible key factor.
    • This experiment uses cultures with the same level flux, only the ammonium concentrations fed in are different.

Methods

Physiological Parameters

Northern Analyses

Enzyme Activities

Class Links

Journal Entries and Assignments

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