KP Ramirez Week 7
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- Ectodomain: Part of a membrane protein that extends into the extracellular space. Ectodomains are usually the part of a protein that initiate contact with surface which leads to signal transduction. In SARS-CoV the ectodomain of the spike protein is responsible for attachment to and entry into cells during infection.
- Glycocalyx: Extracellular polymeric material produced by some bacteria epithelia and other cells. Initially applied to a polysaccharide matrix excreted by epithelial cells forming a coating on the surface of epithelial tissue.
- Monoclonal: Cells that are defined as a group produced from a single ancestral cell by repeated cellular replication. Thus from a singe "clone" the process of replication can occur in vivo, or may be stimulated in vitro for laboratory manipulations.
- Fusogenic: Facilitating fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular plasma membrane.
- Epitope: Associated with the antigenic molecule to which the T-cell receptor respond. A site on the large molecule against which an antibody will be produced and will bind.
- Chemokine Receptor: Cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells, which interact with a type of ctyokine called a chemokine. There are 19 distinct chemokine described in mammals.
- Oligomer: An oligomer consists of less than fine monomer units, in contrast to a polymer that at least in principle, consists of an unlimited number of polymers.
- Isomorphism: A kind of mapping between objects which show a relationship between two properties of operations. If there exists an isomorphism between two structures, we call the two structures Isomorphic.
- Proteolysis: Directed degradation of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion.
- Crystallography: The experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids.
Outline
Introduction Describes the effect HIV-1 has on the human body including destroying CD-4+ lymphocytes. This is best explored when understanding the structure of this virus. The viral envelope contains glycoproteins and oligomeric spikes, trimeric spikes which are anchored by gp41, a transmembrane envelope glycoprotein. There are five variable regions. Region 1-4 form loops exposed to the surface which are bonded at their bases by disulfide bonds. Structure determination
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