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'''Tom Richard'''[mailto:trichard@psu.edu]<br/>  
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Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering <br/>
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Director, Biomass Energy Center, Penn State University
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What we do: ''Engineer solid-state microbial bioconversion processes for renewable energy and sustainable agroecosystems''
[[Image:2011 people.jpg|800px]]
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[mailto:trichard@psu.edu Tom Richard] [http://www.abe.psu.edu/fac/Richard/Overview.htm (Tom's Faculty website)]<br/>
Professor, [http://www.abe.psu.edu Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering] <br/>
Director, [http://www.bioenergy.psu.edu Biomass Energy Center] <br/>
Director, [http://www.psiee.psu.edu Penn State Institutes for Energy and the Environment] <br/>
[http://www.psu.edu Penn State University] <br/>
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Penn State Richard website: http://www.abe.psu.edu/fac/Richard/Overview.htm <br/>
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Penn State iGEM team: http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:PennState <br/>
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Penn State Biomass Energy Center:  http://www.bioenergy.psu.edu
== Richard Lab group ==


===Post Doc===
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*[http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~hala73 Hala Chaoui] [mailto:halayc@gmail.com email]
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Projects: Design and conduct experiments to (1) calibrate flux chamber for use with a photoacoustic sensor to meaaure greenhouse gas emissions; (2) evaluate greenhouse gas emissions from animal waste storage, and test the effect of biofilter types on theses emissions.  


Future project: Test the feasibility of scaling down biodigesters.
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== '''Research Info''' ==
[[Richard_Lab:Research |'''Research Areas''']]<br>
[[Richard_Lab:people | '''People''']]<br>
[[Richard_Lab:protocols| '''Protocols & Equipment''']]<br>
[[Richard_Lab:Microorganisms & Media| '''Microorganisms & Media''']]<br>
[[Richard_Lab:resources and collaborations| '''Resources''']]<br>
[[Richard_Lab:pictures | '''Pictures''']]<br>
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Reviews: Biolfiters; biodigester exhaust gases remediation techniques, modeling of non-greenhouse gas emissions from animal facilities.
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===Graduate Students===
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*[[user:Dtanjore|<font color="#120aaa">Deepti Tanjore</font>]]
== '''Notices and links''' ==
===Upcoming Lab Meetings===


*[[user:fur105|<font color="#120aaa">Farzaneh Razaei</font>]]


*[[user:Mwilliams|<font color="#120aaa">Marlyse Williams</font>]]
'''All meetings are  in the Ag. Eng. Conference Room'''
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*[[user:QinPSU|<font color="#120aaa">Qin Chen</font>]]
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*[[user:SAS|<font color="#12Oaaa">Scott Shore</font>]]
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===Undergraduate Students===
*
 
__NOTOC__
*[[user:asrebro|<font color="#120aaa">Allie Srebro</font>]]
 
*[[user:edw128|<font color="#120aaa">Eric White</font>]]
 
*Natalie Shewski
 
==[[Richard_Lab:methods |Our Methods]]==
Fiber analysis
 
All the samples were ground with a hammer mill to pass through a 1 mm screen. Accurately 0.5  g powder from each sample was measured out for sequential analysis to determine the contents of NDF, ADF, ADL and ash by the ANKOM procedure (Ankom, 2005).
Note:
a. Measure the M.C. of the grinded powder by the following steps:
 
i. Weight the containers and record the weight for all the samples;
 
ii. Place around 1.5 to 2.0 gram power into the containers and record the weight;
 
iii. Place all the container into oven and dry around 2 days at 105 °C;
 
iv. Place the dried powder with container into desiccators for cooling;
 
v. Cool to room temperature and record the weight of stover with bag one by one.
vi. The M.C. can be calculated by the ratio of the weight difference to the net weight of initial power.
 
b. Label the filter bags with a solvent resistant maker;
 
c. Filter bag should be weighted and recorded before get stover powders;
 
d. Do not let powder fall near the open edge of bags;
 
e. Seal the bag within 0.4cm from the open edge by heat sealer.
 
f. Double seal the bag to prevent from powder loosing;
 
g. Flicking the bag to avoid clumping;
 
h. Each tray can be used for 3 bags, and all of them should be stack trays on center with each one rotated 120 degree with a little bit of overlap to each other for keeping them on the trays in the running process;
 
i. The maximum number of bags is  ;
 
j. The weight should be placed on the top of the empty tray to make the suspender can be submerged into detergent.
 
k. Put the suspender into apparatus, close the valve, then add NDF solution and 20 g sodium sulfite and 4 ml heat stable α-amylase.
 
l. Place the suspender into solution and make sure that it is submerged into it.
 
m. Turn Agitate and heat ON, close the vessel lid and then set 75 minutes.
 
n. Heat about 5 times of 2000ml for rinsing;
 
o. Exhaust hot solution into strain with tag water before open the lid;
 
p. Close the valve and use about 2000ml preheated water with 4.0 ml α-amylase and agitate  5 mins, then exhaust water and repeat rinse 4 times (total 5 times);
 
q. Drain the water and remove suspender.
 
r. Rise vessel with cold tap water for next run.
 
s. Remove filter bags and press out water gently.
 
t. Place all the bags into beaker and then cover them with acetone around 5 to 10 mins;
 
u. Remove filter bags and press out acetone gently.
 
v. Transfer acetone into recycle bottles for recycle.
 
w. Place all the bags into hood and let them dry around 1 to 2 hours.
 
x. Place filter bags in oven and dry around 3 hours at 105 °C;
 
y. Remove 5 to 8 bags into MoistureStop weigh punch and remove air by flattening the bag.
z. Put the bag into desiccators around 20 mins;
 
aa. Place another MoistureStop weight punch with 5 to 8 bags into desiccator before weight the cooled filter bags;
 
bb. Cool to room temperature and weight and record the weight of stover with bag one by one.  Here the weight is the sample with bag weight after NDF.
 
cc. Transfer the filter bag from MoistureStop weight punch by a tweezer to scale.
 
dd. After get the samples with bag after NDF, spread sample uniformly by flicking the bag again;
 
ee. Put the filter bags into vessel and use the same way to place them on the trays and use 1900-2000ml ADF solution;
 
ff. Agitate and heat the samples about 70 mins;
 
gg. Heat about 3 times of 2000ml for rinsing;
 
hh. Use the boiling water to rinse three times by the same way as that of NDF, but without α-amylase.
 
ii. Repeat steps from q. to cc..
 
jj. The weight of the sample with bag after this process is called sample and bag weight after ADF.
 
kk. Place the weighted sample with bags into MoistureStop for ADL experiment;
 
ll. Make 72 % by weight sulfuric acid by adding 1200 H2SO4 to 2000ml beaker with 440 ml H2O ; (Use rubber gloves and face shield)
 
mm. After cooling, transfer it into volumetric flask for later use; (Use rubber gloves and face shield)
 
nn. After get the samples with bag after ADF, spread sample uniformly by flicking the bag again;
 
oo. Put 24 samples into one glass jar, add 500ml 72% H2SO4 to cover bags;
 
pp. Place jars into DaisyII.
 
qq. Turn rotate on for 3 hours without heating.
 
rr. Heat about 6 times of 2000ml for rinsing;
 
ss. Pour off H2SO4 into recycle bottle and rinse the filter bags with boiling water;
 
tt. Repeat 6 or more times until the pH is neutral.
 
uu. Place the bags of the same bottle into 250 ml acetone for 3 mins for removing water;
 
vv. Put all the bags into hood and let them dry around 1 to 2 hours;
 
ww. Place all the bags into oven and dry for 4 hours.
 
xx. Repeat y to cc and record the weight, which is the sample and bag.weight after ADL.
yy.
 
Note: The bag correction factor for each step is calculated by dividing the weight of the empty bag in the run by it's original weight.  NDF, ADF, ADL, and Lig calculations will have different bag correction factors.
 
After ADL determination the sample bags were folded and put into individually weighed porcelain crucibles, which were combusted thoroughly in a muffle furnace at 550 ºC for 5 hours, and the crucibles with ash were then cooled in desiccators and reweighed. Ash was determined by the weight difference between the crucible with sample before combustion and after complete combustion.
 
Reference:
www.ankom.com
 
Also, thanks Trish for sharing her experience.
 
Note: All the formula from word can not be pasted here.
 
==[[Richard_Lab:literature |Literature we use]]==
 
==[[Richard_Lab:layout_supplies |Lab layout and supplies inventory]]==
 
==[[Richard_Lab:chemicals|Chemical Inventory]]==
 
==[[Richard_Lab:instruments|Instrument access]]==
 
== [[Richard_Lab:Online Calendar | Our Lab Calendar]] ==
 
== [[Richard_Lab:Lab Rules | Lab Rules]] ==
 
== [[Richard_Lab:Managing the Lab | Managing the lab]] ==
 
=== Notices ===
Lab meetings: Fall 2006, Friday afternoons
 
1:30 - 2:30 Lignicellulosic hydrolysis/biofuels/microbial fuel cells <br/>
2:30 - 3:30 Everyone, special topics each week <br/>
3:30 - 4:30 Greenhouse gas emissions/biogas/compost <br/>
4:30 - ???? TGIF

Latest revision as of 13:30, 21 April 2014

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