User:Brian P. Josey/Notebook/Junior Lab/2010/09/27: Difference between revisions

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===Equipment and Set Up===
===Equipment and Set Up===
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.13.jpg|thumb|right|General Set Up]]
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.21.jpg|thumb|right|Close up on picoamplifier]]
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.36.jpg|thumb|right|Close up on power supplies]]
This is all of the equipment that we used in the experiment:
This is all of the equipment that we used in the experiment:


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** negative on soar
** negative on soar


These wires were connected based on this illustrations, which is a sharper reproduction of the image in Gold's manual:
<center>
[[Image:NeonExcDiagram.gif|800px]]
</center>
This was taken from [[Physics307L F09:People/Mondragon/Notebook/071107|Tomas Mondragon's notebook.]] However, please note that F5 is mislabeled, and should read F3.
==Procedure==
==Procedure==
Initially, we set the voltage on the Soar Power Supply to 2.1 V, and the voltage on the Kepco Power Supply to zero. We measured the voltage from the multimeter, and the current from the picoamplifier. When we had set the voltage to zero, we adjusted the picoamplifier, by using the knob on the upper right of the base, to zero. We then steadily increased the voltage in 1V steps up to 25V, and measured the current. At one point, we had to readjust the scale on the picoamplifier by switching the power from -12 to -11, and changing the given value so that the two scales matched. Initially, we had the polarity reversed from where we were supposed to have it. This should have been the final step, used to illustrate the importance of setting up the equipment properly, but we did manage to learn our lesson well. The current as a function of the voltage for the reversed polarity:
Initially, we set the voltage on the Soar Power Supply to 2.1 V, and the voltage on the Kepco Power Supply to zero. We measured the voltage from the multimeter, and the current from the picoamplifier. When we had set the voltage to zero, we adjusted the picoamplifier, by using the knob on the upper right of the base, to zero. We then steadily increased the voltage in 1V steps up to 25V, and measured the current. At one point, we had to readjust the scale on the picoamplifier by switching the power from -12 to -11, and changing the given value so that the two scales matched. Initially, we had the polarity reversed from where we were supposed to have it. This should have been the final step, used to illustrate the importance of setting up the equipment properly, but we did manage to learn our lesson well. The current as a function of the voltage for the reversed polarity:


<center>
<center>
'''IMAGE FOR REVERSED POLARITY'''
[[Image:Neon- Reversed Polarity.png|400px]]
</center>
</center>


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<center>
<center>
'''GRAPHS FOR 2.1 V SWEEPS, COURSE AND FINE'''
[[Image:Neon- Course 21.png|400px]]  [[Image:Neon- Fine 21.png|400px]]
</center>
</center>


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<center>
<center>
'''GRAPHS FOR 1.8 V SWEEPS, COURSE AND FINE'''
[[Image:Neon- Course 18.png|400px]]  [[Image:Neon Fine 18, misslabled on graph.png|400px]]
</center>
</center>


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==Calculations and Results==
==Calculations and Results==
==PICTURES!==
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.13.jpg|400px]]
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.21.jpg|400px]]
[[Image:2010-09-27 15.36.36.jpg|400px]]




Revision as of 11:24, 10 October 2010

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Neon

This week we are doing the excitation and ionization levels of Neon. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the energy quantization of atoms. To do this, we bombarded neon atoms with electrons generated by a power supply. By varying the potential of the electrons bombarding the neon, we were able to measure the current across the neon and plot the two sets of data against each other. From these plots we were able to determine the ionization points for neon.

Equipment and Set Up

General Set Up
Close up on picoamplifier
Close up on power supplies

This is all of the equipment that we used in the experiment:

  • The tube containing the Neon, and a wire ring
  • Alarm Meter
  • Picoamplifier
  • SOAR Corporation DC Power Supply 7403
  • Digital Multimeter
  • Battery and Battery Unit
  • Kepco Power Supply

We connected them with wires in the following way:

  • The ground from the Soar power supply was input into ground, middle of three connectors, on the picoamplifier
  • Third of three on picoamplifier connected to negative of the battery.
  • Positive of battery connected to positive on kepco power supply.
  • Also from positive on kepco power supply:
    • Red input on multimeter
    • A1 on neon tube stand
  • Kepco Negative:
    • f3 on stand
    • black input on multimeter
  • From stand
    • F3 to possitive on soar
    • F4 to C5 on stand
    • negative on soar

These wires were connected based on this illustrations, which is a sharper reproduction of the image in Gold's manual:

This was taken from Tomas Mondragon's notebook. However, please note that F5 is mislabeled, and should read F3.

Procedure

Initially, we set the voltage on the Soar Power Supply to 2.1 V, and the voltage on the Kepco Power Supply to zero. We measured the voltage from the multimeter, and the current from the picoamplifier. When we had set the voltage to zero, we adjusted the picoamplifier, by using the knob on the upper right of the base, to zero. We then steadily increased the voltage in 1V steps up to 25V, and measured the current. At one point, we had to readjust the scale on the picoamplifier by switching the power from -12 to -11, and changing the given value so that the two scales matched. Initially, we had the polarity reversed from where we were supposed to have it. This should have been the final step, used to illustrate the importance of setting up the equipment properly, but we did manage to learn our lesson well. The current as a function of the voltage for the reversed polarity:


We then reversed the polarity on the battery, by switching the wires on the battery stand, and repeated the measurements. First we did a course sweep, with steps of 1V and then a second sweep. For the second sweep, we ran between 15 and 22 V in steps of 0.1 V. Plotting these data points, we generated these two graphs:

The graph on the left is for the course sweep of through the various voltages, and as you can see, there are two sharp peaks that developed between 15 and 22 V. When we did the fine sweep for data, we focused in on this area producing the more detailed plot on the right. To get a second set of data, we then dropped the potential on the Soar Power Supply to 1.8 V, and repeated the data collection, this produced the following plots:

Again, the course graph is given on the left, and the more detailed graph is on the right. Once again, we were able to produce peaks in the range between 15 and 22V, which gave us our range for the second data collection. The primary difference, however, is that the peaks in these two plots are not as sharp as in the initial sweep at a higher voltage. The reason for this is explained below in the calculations section.

Here is all of our raw data summarized on a single spreadsheet

{{#widget:Google Spreadsheet

key=0AjJAt7upwcA4dEtNbjdXUUVBLUhfVUt4bVFTbmRDUGc width=900 height=400

}}

Calculations and Results


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