User:Tkadm30/Notebook/THC
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Synopsis
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L (Marijuana) plant.
- Other Marijuana compounds includes Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabigerol (CBG), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV).
- Cannabis-derived cannabinoids are known as phytocannabinoids.
Antidepressant properties of THC
- THC stimulate anandamide biosynthesis by binding to the CB1 receptor, thus producing a antidepressant and neuroprotective effect. [1]
Neuroprotective properties of THC
- THC inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-induced intraneuronal amyloid beta aggregation in Alzheimer's disease: [2]
- THC prevent intracellular amyloid beta proteotoxicity and inflammatory response: [3]
- THC is effective as antiglutamatergic therapy for NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. [4]
- Unlike THC, caffeine is a noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of AChE.
- THC reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through intracellular CB1 receptor activation; A potential treatment for glaucoma to prevent optic nerve damage.
Proneurogenic effects of THC on neurogenesis and BDNF signaling
- Hippocampal CB1 receptors regulate stress-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. [5]
- THC enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF signaling through intracellular CB1 receptor activation. [6][7]
- Intracellular CB1 activation promote neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and neurite growth. [8]
Neuropsychology of THC tolerance
- CB1 receptor sensitization can be restored by taking breaks of oral THC administration. (Reference needed)
- Alcohol increase THC levels in blood. (Reference needed)
- THC tolerance is genetic and regulated by the AKT1 gene.
Experimental
- Synaptogenic effect of THC/DHA promote hippocampal development (neurogenesis) and synaptogenesis.
- THC/DHA affect neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) proliferation in the hippocampus.
- THC enhance corticostriatal functional connectivity though increased c-Fos expression.
References
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Antidepressant-like effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L
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A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Amyloid proteotoxicity initiates an inflammatory response blocked by cannabinoids
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Endocannabinoid signaling in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
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Regulatory role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in stress-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation.
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Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects.
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Alzheimer's disease; taking the edge off with cannabinoids?
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Activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) promotes neurogenesis in murine subventricular zone cell cultures.