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| Welcome to my OWW page.
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| I am interested in starting an OpenWetWare lab project in bioengineering, solar utilities, and RepRap[http://blog.reprap.org/][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/RepRap_Project][http://www.reprap.org/wiki/Main_Page], three developments which are mutually inclusive towards a free electricity (not to be confused with Gibbs'[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy], but aware of that too) and climate project. At least one lab that I've recently discovered is researching virally-grown batteries and solar panels[http://belcher10.mit.edu/publications/], but I am unsure to the extent that their research would be posted on OpenWetware, if at all, in the foreseeable future. Considering MIT is one of the universities with the most OWW labs, along with UC Berkeley, one wonders if it's the liberal[http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2011/06/06/110606crat_atlarge_menand?currentPage=1] atmosphere of those institutions that is conducive to open collaboration. After all, Richard Stallman[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Richard_Stallman] began the Free Software Foundation[http://www.fsf.org/] and wrote the first General Public License for software[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License] after fixing printers at MIT and realizing the source code was proprietary[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Richard_Stallman#Decline_of_MIT.27s_hacker_culture]. The same could be done with free electricity. I say electricity and not energy because electricity is the barenaked, universal medium/platform for most energy needs, and solar panels are the decentralized (off-line) utility (personal computer-like) that allows one to use software without an energy carrier[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Energy_carrier] or, in software, SaaS[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Software_as_a_service][http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html] (a.k.a. on-line electricity [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Grid-tied_electrical_system], the middleman, gas, municipal water, and garbage bills). Though, I may use the terms electricity and energy interchangeably as I refine this page or to describe them in different contexts. I use a lot of analogies in this page since I previously studied English and am familiar with metaphors. I also liken its use in Biology [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Comparative_biology].
| | ==3D Printable Organic PhotoVoltaics via Metabolically Engineered Biosynthesis Pathways Notebook== |
| | http://openwetware.org/wiki/User:Giovanni_Lostumbo/Notebook/3D_Printable_Organic_Photovoltaics_via_Biosynthesis |
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| My first project will document, using multimedia (high-resolution images, video tutorials, and protocols) on how to harvest melanin (and later, polyaniline+other organic conductors: http://openwetware.org/wiki/Image:Organic_batteries_w-annotations.pdf.pdf) from ''bacillus atropheus,'' ''b. thuringiensis, or b. subtilis'' for use in OLEDs, capacitors, organic solar photovoltaic panels, batteries and other electronics.
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| | | Page in Pdf format: |
| == Introduction ==
| | http://openwetware.org/wiki/Image:3D_printable_organic_PVs_and_Biosynthesis.pdf |
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| Energy comes in several mediums. The consumption of energy usually involves the combustion of fuel to generate heat to spin motors for the purpose of kinetic energy[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Kinetic_energy] or to spin turbines to generate electricity via electromagnetic induction [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction] for the purpose of potential energy[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Potential_energy] when stored in a battery or capacitor. The ability to develop an energy generator utility that is accessible and affordable could come with advanced research and development efforts towards RepRap technology and bioengineering of microbes for the purpose of yielding abundant organic solar voltaic panel raw materials[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Raw_material]. World energy consumption is heavily based on non-renewable fossil fuels[http://inhabitat.com/edward-burtynsky-exposes-the-life-cycle-of-oil-in-a-stunning-exhibition/edward-burtynsky-of-socar-oil-fields-6-baku-azerbaijan-2006med/?extend=1] and a new replacement could be developed faster through a decentralized effort similar to how the Linux GNU/GPL operating system was developed [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/GNU][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License] and adopted with varying "market share" (with mild to moderate popularity) since the early 1990s. Linux software is stored in online repositories such as FTP servers [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol] and via p2p [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Peer-to-peer] file-sharing[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Torrent_Swapper]. Computer-aided design (CAD) stores 3D manufacturing blueprints in electronic medium as well. Efforts such as those by http://gnusha.org/skdb/ for hardware and http://biobricks.org/ for biological molecules allow both an electronic repository and an organization for physically replicable parts that could be accessed for research and applied towards hardware[http://www.thingiverse.com/] and biotech instruments (Addenum: Gnusha.org also develops biological constructs). The same type of organization inspired from http://www.gnu.org/ led to the development of digital sharing content/media with http://creativecommons.org/, http://p2pfoundation.net/, and Open Farm Tech [http://openfarmtech.org/wiki/Main_Page]. Furthermore, there are incentives such as the Gada Personal Manufacturing Prize[http://humanityplus.org/projects/gadaprize/]:
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| "Grand Personal Manufacturing Prize
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| The Grand Prize would seek to make the technology more rapidly scalable by increasing the productivity of the
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| replication process. As a bonus, the Grand Prize may additionally be helpful in recycling material waste (such as
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| plastics) into material suitable for RepRap use. Plastics such as HDPE and Polypropylene, of which millions of tons
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| exist as waste matter, may be suitable candidates, and recycling of such waste material would be viewed favorably
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| by the judging panel.
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| The Grand Prize is expected to be funded at $80,000 before launch (it is presently not funded). There are three
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| parameters that will be used to judge the efforts of the teams participating in the competition.
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| * That the cost of the material used for printing does not exceed $4/kilogram.
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| * The capacity to print a full set of parts for a complete replica of itself within 7 days, including the
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| * time for reloading, and clearing of printer head jams.
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| * Maintain a total materials and parts cost under $200 and that 90% of the volume of the printer parts be
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| * printed.
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| The judging committee envisions a variety of technologies which might be deployed to achieve this end including:
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| * Software to drive and manage banks of RepRap printers
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| * Hardware and software systems to automatically unload printed parts from RepRap printers
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| * Hardware and software systems to sort, clean and package or assemble printed parts
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| * Innovations in plastics recycling, and development of a suitable grinder and extruder"
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| This could accelerate the development of RepRaps that could be used towards decentralized, mass-production[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xeio3w_adrian-bowyer-the-reprap-lift-franc_tech] of progressively efficient solar panels that would generate enough electricity to be "too cheap to matter"[http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/16-03/ff_free]
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| There may be little incentive to pass that energy barrier on an individual basis, due to prohibitive costs and efforts involved. Informational resources that could be used to integrate and realize the potential of solar power towards further development:
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| "The available solar energy resources are 3.8 YJ/yr (120,000 TW)[86,000 TW in link]. Less than 0.02% of available resources are sufficient to entirely replace fossil fuels and nuclear power as an energy source." [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Available_Energy-4.png]
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| from:
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| https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/World_energy_consumption#Solar_power
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| Also of reference:
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| https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Insolation
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| To demonstrate how rapidly a freely distributable RepRap and solar utility kit could be developed, several affiliated projects could be developed simultaneously in an ad-hoc[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Ad_hoc], self-organizing[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Self-organization], hologenomic [http://blogs.cambia.org/raj/index.php/2010/11/16/the-hologenome-theory-of-evolution/] hive-minded[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Hive_mind] superorganism[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Superorganism]: an international effort to engineer microbial strains that yield durable, organic semi-conductors for the purpose of progressively efficient (5->40%+?) capture of insolation into organic solar photo voltaic panels and energy storage which could be integrated into a modular[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Modularity], future version[https://groups.google.com/group/openmanufacturing/browse_thread/thread/b2510075291ed172#] of a RepRap to develop a multiversal[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Software_repository][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Synaptic_%28software%29] battery, connector [https://groups.google.com/group/openmanufacturing/browse_thread/thread/8a3170d15efc147f#] and a compatible PV frame set [https://groups.google.com/group/openmanufacturing/msg/fb3847441f1408fb?] using a format similar to that of ISO standards and IEEE-SA specifications. Recharging a battery, auto, and home could be as fast as Wall-E [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8szceStqZI] at sunrise as he gets ready for compacting trash of the long-departed humans orbiting space and surviving easily from space-ship automation.
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| "The proper tool for a task, Not every nail needs a hammer. Are we too fixated on Exotitech?"
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| "Connectors and Batteries. Designing them to be society wide." (above links)
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| A comprehensive analysis and research center for global annual energy consumption, the source and endpoint of that energy, and its effects (both natural and anthropogenic) on climate change and the environment:
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| http://gcep.stanford.edu/research/exergy/flowchart.html
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| "All things good on this Earth flow into the City" -Pericles
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| And all good things flow from...farms. Vertical polyculture[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Polyculture][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Permaculture] farms [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Vertical_farming] using microbially-synthesized and RepRap'd OLED [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode] grow lights [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Grow_light#LED_Grow_Lights] for food, and bioreactor farms for energy. Microbes can harvest conductors which can then yield solar energy for renewable power. Off-grid[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Off-the-grid] solar utilities represents energy independence and is a right[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/25/science/earth/25fossil.html], not a privilege. GPL and post-scarcity[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Post_scarcity] can make that possible. Just past the greenwashing[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Greenwashing] horizon is the "blue sky"[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/BlueHat] approach.
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| A warehouse of refrigerators insulated with SEAGel? [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/SEAgel][http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoCAxS4vqwQ&feature=related]? Sounds like a modern arcology[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Arcology]. Grown aerogel(video-[http://www.aerogel.com/markets/building.html]) with rice husks[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23398379/ns/technology_and_science-innovation/t/high-tech-insulator-created-rice-husks/][http://www.ecogeek.org/architecture/1530]?
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| Arduino-based[[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Arduino]] microcontrollers[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Single-board_microcontroller] are a significant platform for hardware development and can benefit solar utilities with custom Battery Management Systems [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Battery_management_system] and charge controllers [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Battery_controller][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Modbus]. Recent[http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-05/panasonic-plans-sustainable-smart-town-japan-2014] developments in residential-based solar utilities using lithium-ion batteries[http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2009-12/panasonic-will-market-li-ion-storage-battery-home-use-2011] instead of larger absorbed glass mat[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Absorbent_glass_mat] indicates an potentially expanding interest in solar energy using more compact battery designs, but also opens up the opportunity for modified digital battery controllers that can be reverse-engineered for additional control systems[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Modbus], including regulation of HVAC[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Hvac], solar thermal[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Solar_thermal] utilities, and even residential-based miniature water treatment plants [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Water_treatment][http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/blog/Image/NASA-urine-recycler.jpg][http://www.watseco.com/images/WSC4-Photo.jpg][http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Bright-Green/2008/1126/should-we-recycle-urine-on-earth-too] 3D Printers that could replicate entire waste treatment instruments, including nanoporous filters, strains, and pumps could be scaled down to the size of a water cooler to purify rainwater, sewage, and flooded basements. Even smaller homes themselves have found a resurgent popularity, due to the Small House Movement[http://tinyhouseblog.com/] and arcane zoning code research discoveries by Jay Shafer in changes to the federally adopted building codes since the late 1970s[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/B0026HUQYU/ref=dp_otherviews_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&img=1] Solar-powered atmospheric water generators [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Atmospheric_water_generator][http://www.ecoloblue.com/EcoloBlue30DeluxeSolar] could derive enough potable water from thin, humid air, while desalination plants [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Desalination] deliver larger volumes of water at the expense of intensive electricity consumption.
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| == Relevant Fields of Research==
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| Microbiology[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Microbiology][http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/73/1/14],
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| Ecology[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Deep_ecology][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Rachel_Carson] [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Climate_change][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful]
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| Physical Sciences [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Superconductivity][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Organic_superconductor][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Tres_Amigas_SuperStation]
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| == Obstacles: Systems Ecology: Choosing Applied and/or Basic Science Research? ==
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| Inorganic Industrialization and the Environment are at odds. Industrialization with spills[http://www.salon.com/technology/how_the_world_works/2010/10/05/toxic_sludge_of_doom] and planned obsolescence[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Planned_obsolescence] makes environmental remediation more difficult, like added paperwork (if only it were that easy), delaying restoration. The late 20th century's transition from centralized manufacturing to service-based economies[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Service_economy] is not enough to reduce global warming because many service sectors are unscientific and many old technologies are still used- internal combustion engines, Jet fuel, and air-conditioning[http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2010/07/05/losing_our_cool_air_conditioning_ext2010][http://www.nrel.gov/features/20100611_ac.html] at excess levels-in 3,000 square foot homes. To suggest on this page that more manufacturing will solve the climate situation does not immediately make sense, even to me. However, the habits of consumers[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/White_Noise_%28novel%29] suggests that new purchases aren't going away anytime soon, thus a kind solution is to phase out old-tech with phased-in "greener" tech. What happens in landfills[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Landfill] is still a bit of a mystery to me. As Blue Man Group simply put it for sewage, it flows "away" [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Blue_Man_Group]. But the role of bacteria is not to do society's bidding, as bioremediators or pure factories. In a New Biology for a New Century[http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/2/173], Carl Woese's abstract reads:
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| "Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path of continuing to
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| follow molecular biology's lead or the more invigorating one of seeking a new and inspiring
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| vision of the living world, one that addresses the major problems in biology that 20th century
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| biology, molecular biology, could not handle and, so, avoided. The former course, though highly
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| productive, is certain to turn biology into an engineering discipline. The latter holds the
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| promise of making biology an even more fundamental science, one that, along with physics,
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| probes and defines the nature of reality. This is a choice between a biology that solely does
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| society's bidding and a biology that is society's teacher."
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| I interpret this to mean that society cannot rely on biotechnology to solve all of nature's problems without acknowledging that Biology requires basic research acknowledgment and should not solely be treated as a technology or tool. However, Rob Carlson's[http://www.biologyistechnology.com/] book, despite the title, includes a thorough analysis of the emerging bioengineering field and the old establishment's shortcomings in adapting to the citizen/DIYBio science movements. So far, I've only read the parts on free software and open source biology, but I like the contrasts and comparisons of two and how the Apollo and Manhattan projects were mentioned. Both free software operating systems-GPL and atomic race+space race projects were analyzed to have been completed with large group efforts. The reasoning behind biology and my interest in it being free are for the same reason free software improved the Internet, Information and Communication age. Free source biology will certainly improve the medical/healthcare industry by promoting a lower (or non-existent) risk exchange[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/13/health/research/13alzheimer.html] of ideas and tools towards solving diseases and developing cures. An economic model based on a free source biology would not be able to run on a conventional currency system, however. While a monetary exchange works most of the time, the leading edge of nanotechnology and increasingly diversifying research discoveries suggests, as is a problem in the software industry, that developments travel faster than snail mail patents beyond a workable model. I include links to barter software at the bottom of this page- I'd like to think they'll be useful one day, but as I like to think in terms of spacetime[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Spacetime], maybe some form of human photosynthesis[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Photosynthesis] could work, gaining net energy from the sun during the day and storing the energy to hibernate at night, but additional amounts externally, perhaps in a pail for simple retrieval. That's one way to put the pants on the table and wear the bread[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Princess_Leia_Organa] in the house. A nomadic, phototrophic[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Phototrophic] lifestyle would certainly be stigmatized, at least initially, but it's the classic salad bowl[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Salad_bowl_%28cultural_idea%29][http://books.google.com/books/about/Low_Life.html?id=_mARS2YDetsC]-turned-melting pot[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Melting_pot] story of immigration[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Ugly_Americans_%28TV_series%29] in the United States.
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| What if renewable energy was only sustainable if it were biosynthetic, biodegradeable[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Biodegradation], and freely distributable? The mining of rare earths puts an extraordinary strain on manual labor. The generation of energy and consumption and its impact on the environment are treated as if they are mutually exclusive events [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat]. Critical thinking[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYIC0eZYEtI][http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvgN5gCuLac] (a.k.a thought and number-crunching) is good for the environment, the same way crushed-aluminum cans compact space. But why are we buying cans anyways, and not drinking from a spring[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29]? [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Surrealist_Manifesto]
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| Bioremediation-based climate change solutions and studies [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Methanotroph][http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap3-4/final-report/default.htm]
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| The following is from [http://www.eco-business.com/opinion/alternatives-to-alternative-energy-by-h-t-goranson/] (but disagreeing with the point on methane clathrate as I think methanotroph bioremediation is a more environmentally friendly solution compared to exploitation of natural gas/methane and solar energy as the electricity solution:
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| "If there was ever a time for a massive investment in research into long-term energy sources, that time is now.
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| We need something on the scale of the Manhattan Project (which created the atomic bomb), or the Apollo Program
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| (which put a man on the moon).
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| Both initiatives succeeded in a short period of time and at a relatively low price. In current dollars, each cost
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| about $200 billion – a mere fraction of what the United States has paid for the Iraq war, and less than the cost
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| implied by the rise in oil prices over the past year.
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| Both the Apollo Program and the Manhattan Project had unique characteristics. Each marshaled the sharpest minds
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| from a range of countries to address one task. Tolerance for failure was slim in both initiatives, so they tended
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| to rely on the previous generation of scientific insight, because the resulting technology was more trustworthy.
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| Neither entailed a great scientific challenge, but rather''' a vast engineering''' problem. Although invention
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| was required, existing scientific
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| methods were used.
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| Unfortunately, governments now focus only on one aspect of this investment format, in which technology that is
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| almost ready is funded. But this results in endless efforts to make non-ideal methods less troublesome. We need a
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| game changer, like the integrated circuit, radio, or '''electricity'''. Such a paradigm shift requires an
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| Apollo-scale investment, but in basic science."
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| I think electricity is the game changer, via decentralized development of solar voltaic utilities printed w/RepRap. Mass-Biomass conversion. As linked above, the potential insolation is available: [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Available_Energy-4.png].
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| The extraction of fossil fuels is an applied science. Fossil fuel depletion is bad for the environment even when fuel consumed as planned. The alternatives to this applied science, rather than the "best bad idea"[http://www.miller-mccune.com/science-environment/ocean-carbon-sequestration-the-worlds-best-bad-idea-23521/], would require basic science research in systems ecology. Whether or not to turn its research results- those from simulation/scenario modeling into acts of geoengineering or ecological engineering[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Ecological_engineering] for the purpose of developing alternative sustainable renewable energy, electric/clean fuel utilities have to be integrated into a sustainable and predictable ecological system cycle.
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| Questions to be asked from basic science in systems ecology:
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| What does thermodynamics teach us about irreversible entropy in the environment?
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| How would the earth's climate progress if greenhouse gases did not increase as they currently are?
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| Which ecological phenomena require the most study for the purpose of bioremediation and sustainability?
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| What are the levels of conservation needed in addition to net decreases in greenhouse gases?
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| Linux as a species serves a software ecosystem a diverse function- to prevent the blight of a monoculture in an instance of an epidemic such as the Irish Potato Famine of 1845. Wine[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Wine_%28software%29][http://wiki.winehq.org/ImportanceOfWine] accomplishes something like a backup for a software that is widespread but not always considered adequately maintained due to its size. A similar situation appears to be occurring with the recent reverse-engineering of Skype voice-over internet software[http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075974/skype-getting-reverse-engineered]. The premise here seems to be that if a large population relies on a communication protocol or software that is not adequately supported due to resources or private interests with no legal obligations to support said abandoned software versions, a motivated community or individual is likely to re-create an alternative or derivation as a type of insurance against that dependency's uncertain future. While not the same as an XMPP[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Extensible_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol] client, an emulation of a proprietary software challenges the definition of software as property because it creates a new or grey definition/area of what was authored originally and what was written based on logical deduction by independent tinkering of software as property. The rationale used for defense of proprietary software defines software as "intellectual property", however it is sold as a "license" rather than "property," thus it cannot be defined as both at the same time while restricting the benefits to the author for an intangibly amorphous contract. The location of virtual property is thus redefined to be as intangibly undefined and emphemeral as biological knowlege[http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/2011/02/25/after-folklore-traditional-knowledge-makes-steps-toward-wipo-treaty-text/], which is relational and not based on any central repository, as brain cells store memories but are altered every time they are retrieved. Virtual property does not disappear[http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/05/eff-co-founder-enters-copyright-lions-den-rips-into-lions.ars] but it is often designated as such when it is sold.
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| When electricity is or if biofuels are privately developed, the maintainers of that commodity likely would have many demanding customers interested in biokits or ways to develop or modify their own purchased products as a way to further innovate and make new discoveries. In agricultural biotechnology, other issues arise when proprietary seeds cannot be adequately contained from which ever direction the wind blows yet the end location of the migrations of the property are used as reasoning for being entitled to new areas of land, rather than returning just the crops/seeds themselves[http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/06/organic_farmers_expand_lawsuit_1.html].
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| If free electricity were developed using a decentralized distribution model similar to linux software repositories, then an open community itself can monitor, maintain and further develop the technology without requiring the cumbersome technology transfer agreements that walled gardens are designed to delay. A dynamic community having common, basic energy needs would be fragmented in a closed design which impedes research development as it should operate more like a feedback loop/mesh network[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Mesh_networking] requiring both upstream and downstream cross-talk rather than vertically-integrated, unidirectional development models.
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| == Conclusion ==
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| What's not needed is another office filing [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89127786][http://www.harmfulpatents.org/AcadFreedomUnivPrioritiesPatentFailure.pdf]. Fortunately, this may hint at a sea change [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131046392][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Sea_change] from an outdated model [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Bayh%E2%80%93Dole_Act].
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| == About ==
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| I live in the postmodern world[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Postmodernism][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg], rather than just reading novels about it and living in the modernist one, out of empirical observations that led me to accept scientific fact rather than a complete/initial interest in it. I've been compared to a human thesaurus, which accurately suggests that I purposely have abandoned all context and most primary sources for the purpose of reflecting the world as it exists and not as a bubble that is artificial and inconsequential to society's ability to adapt by moving on from outmoded, unhealthy, and environmentally unsustainable modernist/ethnocentric thought.
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| I was an English[http://www.onionsportsnetwork.com/articles/stephon-marbury-embroils-celtics-big-3-in-elaborat,2676/] major for a year and a half when I started college, but then I moved into Biology, not because I didn't find English important but because I was seeking to understand something universal to human life in contrast to the current (post-modern) literary era's underwhelming (at the time) thematic conclusion-that realities are metaphysical and not quite universal. What I learned from Biology and evolutionary phylogenetics is that DNA might be somewhat universal (Arsenic DNA backbone pending but even then-still), but the phenotypic nature of life itself varies so much at the microbial scale that I reached the conclusion that the reason so much conflict exists in human society is because people can't deal/adapt with their differences[http://www.hummusguide.com/2010/01/bruno-and-worlds-best-hummus.html]. Yet microbes do a lot better job at symbiosis, based on the vast majority of mutualism in the biosphere[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Biogeochemical] and systems ecology[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Systems_ecology]. Fortunately, at least some evolutionary sociobiologists[http://articles.boston.com/2011-04-17/bostonglobe/2948429_1_altruism-mole-rats-evolutionary-theory] and psychologists[http://www.stuff.co.nz/science/4891397/Kiwis-mother-of-language-discovery-creates-stir] see a bigger picture. The rest depends on society's willingness and/or ability (from gene street[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Genetics] to K street[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/K_Street_%28Washington,_D.C.%29]) to adapt[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/archives/article664155.ece][http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34633137/ns/health-infectious_diseases/t/killer-superbug-solution-discovered-norway/][https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/business/global/14frugal.html][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Adaptation][https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/science/earth/23adaptation.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1].
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| Thus, I see myself more as a wedge/widget[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Widget] between the arts/humanities and the sciences, similar to C.P Snow's The Two Cultures[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/The_Two_Cultures]. Perhaps in equal intensity or based on the situation/context, artists-humanists need to think more scientifically as scientists should think more culturally.
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| If the picking of an undergraduate major included the privileges of a hedge fund investment, college could be about studying whichever portfolio succeeds. Realizing this esoteric benefit, many twenty-somethings of this generation have become stem cells[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html?pagewanted=all] and jacks/amateurs of all trades rather than mastering a particular field, especially if that fields' requisites become quickly outdated. A perma-pluripotent cell (polymath) would have more options and abilities to contribute to larger, but ad-hoc projects that accomplish community-defined goals in a shorter amount of time. But the value and enrichment that comes with higher education is still a good reason to complete it, regardless the major, as long as it's in Liberal Arts & Sciences[http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2011/06/06/110606crat_atlarge_menand?currentPage=1][https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style]. If it can be affordable[http://www.pdfernhout.net/the-true-cost-of-Princeton.html] for anyone to be a student for life, there should be little reason to leave it. Google's Summer of Code (GSoC) [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code] and Internationally Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM)[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/IGEM] and their contributions to GPL software/biology are examples of short-term projects with long-term applications. The question is why similar organizations are not being emphasized to address issues in climate change, bioremediation and accessible sustainable energy. Pink Army[http://pinkarmy.org/] is one such initiative in biomedicine, concerned with treating unique diseases with custom-made pharmaceuticals.
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| Lateral thinking[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Lateral_thinking] (of memes) and horizontal gene transfer[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer] seem to have a lot in common for the purpose of evolutionary equilibrium[http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.4125] and survival.
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| Haiku
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| Hope floats,
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| probability floats,
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| hives hover [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder].
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| == References ==
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| Links to papers:
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| "Formation of melanin pigment by a mutant of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14"
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| http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/139/10/2365.pdf (free)
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| "Isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization of water-soluble Bacillus thuringiensis melanin."
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15760342
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| Dissertation by Zhiwei Pan, PhD, on Metabollic engineering of Bacillus product yields:
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| http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-05302007-093344/'''unrestricted'''/ZhiweiPan_ETD2007.pdf
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| http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-05302007-093344/unrestricted/ZhiweiPan_ETD2007.pdf
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| https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Organic_solar_cell
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| Top recorded solar efficiency of an organic solar cell: about 5%:
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| http://openwetware.org/wiki/Image:Organic_Polymer_efficiency_as_solar_voltaic.png | |
| from:
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| Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Volume 18, Issue 5, Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (version 36), Wiley 2010 [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.1021/pdf] 5-7.9% for organics
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| Illustrative and informative Nanosolar video: http://nanosolar.com/nanosolar-technology-overview
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| 11/2009, article about lack of scale: "How (not) to resolve the energy crisis" [http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2009/11/renewable-energy-is-not-enough.html]
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| 03/2011, also about lack of scale: "UN report: Cities are Climate Change battleground" [http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/03/29/961311/-UN-report:-Cities-are-Climate-Change-battleground?via=search]
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| == Publications ==
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| Li Q, Jagannath C, Rao PK, Singh CR, Lostumbo G. Analysis of phagosomal proteomes: from latex-bead to bacterial phagosomes. Proteomics. 2010 Nov;10(22):4098-116. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201000210.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21080496
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| Li Q, Lostumbo G. Proteomic Analyses of a Variety of Intracellular Bacterial Species Infecting Different Host Cell Lines. Current Proteomics Volume 7 Issue 3 ISSN: 1570-1646 pp.222-232 (11)
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| http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/content.php?CP/2010/00000007/00000003/009AS.SGM
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| == Contact Info==
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| giovanni.lostumbo@gmail.com
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| (I frequent OpenManufacturing and DIYBio (also here:[http://openwetware.org/wiki/DIYbio]):
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| https://groups.google.com/groups/profile?enc_user=UfVTNBsAAAAUop8qaq9-N_EijEqGqhzdvS6NllHqJt6FvmRxWW9AJg
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| Feel free to make edits to the project ideas and references and send me links/publications that I can also post for you on this page. If you would like to start an online lab on OWW regarding this specific project or a related one such as RepStrap printing [http://reprap.org/wiki/Category:RepStrap] or plasmid/bacteriophage development, also please message me. Thanks!
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| == QSAs (Questions, Seldomly Asked) ==
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| Did I actually read all of the URLs I hyperlinked to? If they are news articles, yes. If they are tutorials or large websites, I familiarized myself with the semantics ("the gist of it"), but I have read extensively on most of the links.
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| Why do I have so many lock icons on my page? I use HTTPS Everywhere and it defaults to wikipedia:secure when I paste links: https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere. Also, I use https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/NoScript
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| == Other ==
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| links of interest:
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| https://www.multiswap.net/about/
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| http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmb/
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| https://twitter.com/ks91020
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| http://www.media-art-online.org/iwat/home.html
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| http://mediagoblin.org/
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| The importance of electricity:
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| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XckB846wRCI (@04:30)
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| and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shQXKmxsnCY
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| The stitching of this wiki was made possible by ontological [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Ontology] systems and their self-organizing, recursive[https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Recursion], node-centralizing [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Node_%28disambiguation%29] gravity. The format is based in part on David Pearce's cerebrally-taxing web ring of cyclically-resonating pages on medical health ideas (which is fine for that purpose as it's not about being too fixated on one synapse/neuronal receptor on the circuit board) whereas this maintains the dense text:link ratio (not for the sake of links but to link to specific concepts of relevance) but uses one single page designed like a Mission Control Center [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Mission_control_center ]and its purpose is like a "transGaeanism", for visualizing an entire free electricity project's potential from start hypothesis to finish results and its integration into a bioremediated ecological cycle.
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| No cause is too great or small.
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