User:Karlena L. Brown/Notebook/PVOH Research/2012/09/28: Difference between revisions
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== | ==OBJECTIVES== | ||
# Run X-ray Diffraction of 50% CEC NaMT, 100% CEC NaMT, and 2:1 Clay-α-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> | |||
# Calculate the amount of Na<sup>+</sup> ions in the 2000ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> solution | |||
# Calculate the amount of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions in the 2000ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> solution | |||
# Calculate the amount of Na<sup>+</sup> ions in the 20ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> solution | |||
# Calculate the amount of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions in the 20ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> solution | |||
# Prepare PVOH 22K films for Glutaldehyde Crosslinking | |||
==X-Ray Diffraction Instructions== | |||
''' | '''Sample Preparation''' | ||
* | * Clean off the low signal background sample holder with a Kimwipe and acetone | ||
* | * Using a spatula, scoop and place small amount of finely ground clay sample into sample holder compartment | ||
* | * Using a spatula, level off the clay surface in the compartment making an even smooth level plane | ||
* Wipe the outsides of the compartment of the low signal background sample holder with Kimwipe and acetone again | |||
'''Instrument Programming and Operation''' | |||
* Turn on chiller machine | |||
* Power up X-Ray Diffractometer | |||
* Set geiger counter 0.1 as a value | |||
* Check radiation output | |||
* Open X-Ray Diffractometer instrument door and set sample in sample counter | |||
* Record sample compartment number in the machine and close the X-ray door | |||
* Turn on computer, find instrument password, and open '''STANDARD MEASUREMENT PROGRAM''' | |||
* Use the command window to click machine on to connect to the computer | |||
* Change the file name under Data window to create new folder → '''CHEM 581''' → '''MKM''' | |||
* Create name for sample run under new folder '''MKM''' → '''NaMT''' | |||
* Finally save all information and let the sample run begin and continue for 30 minutes | |||
'''X-Ray Diffraction will be run on the following clays: 50% CEC NaMT, 100% CEC NaMT, and the 2:1 α-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>''' | |||
==X-Ray Diffraction Notes== | |||
# Particle sizes of clay must always be small and finely ground | |||
# Peaks in clay appear at very low deflection angles (2.5°) | |||
# NEVER turn off the X-ray coolant in the chiller machine: DAMAGES X-RAY TOOL!!! | |||
# NEVER rotate powders because sample can fall out!!! | |||
# All sample run should be run from angles (2 - 40°) at a scanning speed no greater than 1.0 | |||
==Na<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ion Calculations in 2000ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> Solutions== | |||
* Calculations | |||
'''MW Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: 142.04 g/mol''' | |||
'''MW Na<sup>+</sup>: 22.99 g/mol''' | |||
'''Mass Na<sup>+</sup>: 0.00150 g Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> × (1 mol Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/142.04 g Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) × (2 mol Na<sup>+</sup>/1 mol Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) × (22.99 g Na<sup>+</sup>/1 mol Na<sup>+</sup>) = 4.856 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Na<sup>+</sup>''' | |||
'''Actual concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> in 2020 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''(4.856 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Na<sup>+</sup>)/0.5 L × 10<sup>6</sup> = 971 ppm''' | |||
<br> | |||
'''MW CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O: 249.69 g/mol''' | |||
'''MW Cu<sup>+2</sup>: 63.55 g/mol''' | |||
'''0.00252 g CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O × (1 mol CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O/249.68 g CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O) × (1 mol Cu<sup>+2</sup>/1 mol CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O) × (63.55 g Cu<sup>+2</sup>/1 mol CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O) = 6.41 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Cu<sup>+2</sup>''' | |||
'''Actual concentration of Cu<sup>+2</sup> in 2020 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''(6.41 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Cu<sup>+2</sup>)/0.5 L × 10<sup>6</sup> = 1283 ppm Cu<sup>+2</sup>''' | |||
==Na<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ion Calculations in 20ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> Solutions== | |||
'''Actual concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> in 20 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''Actual concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> in 2020 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''(4.856 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Na<sup>+</sup>)/0.5 L × 10<sup>6</sup> = 971 ppm''' | |||
'''(971 ppm)(0.00495 L) = (M<sub>2</sub>)(0.5 L)''' | |||
'''M<sub>2</sub> = 9.61 ppm Na<sup>+</sup>''' | |||
'''Actual concentration of Cu<sup>+2</sup> in 20 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''Actual concentration of Cu<sup>+2</sup> in 2020 ppm SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> solution:''' | |||
'''(6.41 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g Cu<sup>+2</sup>)/0.5 L × 10<sup>6</sup> = 1283 ppm Cu<sup>+2</sup>''' | |||
'''(1283 ppm)(5.16 mL) = (M<sub>2</sub>)(0.5 L)''' | |||
'''M<sub>2</sub> = 13.2 ppm Cu<sup>+2</sup>''' | |||
== Glutaldehyde Films Preparations== | |||
PROCEDURAL STEPS FOR GLUTALDEHYDE FILM PREPARATION CAN BE FOUND UNDER 9/25/12 | |||
'''Prepared PVOH 22K Films For Crosslinking''' | |||
{| {{table}} | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''PVOH 22K w/ GA''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''PVOH 22K w/ GA & PDMS''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''PVOH 22K w/ GA & NaMT''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''PVOH 22K w/ GA & 100% CEC NaMT''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''PVOH 22K w/ GA & 50% CEC NaMT''' | |||
|- | |||
| Original Mass PVOH used (g)||0.5141||0.9499||0.4880||0.7665||0.4691 | |||
|- | |||
| Amount of [GA] added (mL)||0.5||0.5||1||1||1 | |||
|- | |||
| Amount of PDMS added (mL)||0||0.052||0||0||0 | |||
|- | |||
| Amount of Clay added (g)||0||0||0.1040||0.1022||0.1007 | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
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Revision as of 21:11, 11 December 2012
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OBJECTIVES
X-Ray Diffraction InstructionsSample Preparation
X-Ray Diffraction Notes
Na+ and Cu2+ Ion Calculations in 2000ppm SO42- Solutions
MW Na2SO4: 142.04 g/mol MW Na+: 22.99 g/mol Mass Na+: 0.00150 g Na2SO4 × (1 mol Na2SO4/142.04 g Na2SO4) × (2 mol Na+/1 mol Na2SO4) × (22.99 g Na+/1 mol Na+) = 4.856 × 10-4 g Na+ Actual concentration of Na+ in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution: (4.856 × 10-4 g Na+)/0.5 L × 106 = 971 ppm
MW CuSO4·5H2O: 249.69 g/mol MW Cu+2: 63.55 g/mol 0.00252 g CuSO4·5H2O × (1 mol CuSO4·5H2O/249.68 g CuSO4·5H2O) × (1 mol Cu+2/1 mol CuSO4·5H2O) × (63.55 g Cu+2/1 mol CuSO4·5H2O) = 6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2 Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution: (6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2)/0.5 L × 106 = 1283 ppm Cu+2 Na+ and Cu2+ Ion Calculations in 20ppm SO42- SolutionsActual concentration of Na+ in 20 ppm SO4-2 solution: Actual concentration of Na+ in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution: (4.856 × 10-4 g Na+)/0.5 L × 106 = 971 ppm (971 ppm)(0.00495 L) = (M2)(0.5 L) M2 = 9.61 ppm Na+ Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 20 ppm SO4-2 solution: Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution: (6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2)/0.5 L × 106 = 1283 ppm Cu+2 (1283 ppm)(5.16 mL) = (M2)(0.5 L) M2 = 13.2 ppm Cu+2 Glutaldehyde Films PreparationsPROCEDURAL STEPS FOR GLUTALDEHYDE FILM PREPARATION CAN BE FOUND UNDER 9/25/12
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