User:Karlena L. Brown/Notebook/PVOH Research/2012/09/28

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OBJECTIVES

  1. Run X-ray Diffraction of 2:1 Clay-α-Fe2O4
  2. Calculate the amount of Na+ ions in the 2000ppm SO42- solution
  3. Calculate the amount of Cu2+ ions in the 2000ppm SO42- solution
  4. Calculate the amount of Na+ ions in the 20ppm SO42- solution
  5. Calculate the amount of Cu2+ ions in the 20ppm SO42- solution

X-Ray Diffraction Instructions

Na+ and Cu2+ Ion Calculations in 2000ppm SO42- Solutions

  • Calculations
  MW Na2SO4: 142.04 g/mol
  MW Na+: 22.99 g/mol
  Mass Na+: 0.00150 g Na2SO4 × (1 mol Na2SO4/142.04 g Na2SO4) × (2 mol Na+/1 mol Na2SO4) × (22.99 g Na+/1 mol Na+) = 4.856 × 10-4 g Na+
  Actual concentration of Na+ in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution:
  (4.856 × 10-4 g Na+)/0.5 L × 106 = 971 ppm



  MW CuSO4·5H2O: 249.69 g/mol
  MW Cu+2: 63.55 g/mol 
  0.00252 g CuSO4·5H2O × (1 mol CuSO4·5H2O/249.68 g CuSO4·5H2O) × (1 mol Cu+2/1 mol CuSO4·5H2O) × (63.55 g Cu+2/1 mol CuSO4·5H2O) = 6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2
  Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution:
  (6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2)/0.5 L × 106 = 1283 ppm Cu+2

Na+ and Cu2+ Ion Calculations in 20ppm SO42- Solutions

Actual concentration of Na+ in 20 ppm SO4-2 solution: 

  Actual concentration of Na+ in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution:
  (4.856 × 10-4 g Na+)/0.5 L × 106 = 971 ppm
  (971 ppm)(0.00495 L) = (M2)(0.5 L)
  M2 = 9.61 ppm Na+

Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 20 ppm SO4-2 solution: 

  Actual concentration of Cu+2 in 2020 ppm SO4-2 solution:
  (6.41 × 10-4 g Cu+2)/0.5 L × 106 = 1283 ppm Cu+2
  (1283 ppm)(5.16 mL) = (M2)(0.5 L)
  M2 = 13.2 ppm Cu+2


Notes:

  • An additional 2-3 mL H2O was added to each solution to aid the dissolving of the PVOH
  • Heat was reduced when solutions began to boil too rapidly
  • While transferring solutions to Teflon dishes, loss of sample within the small beakers (sample loss = incomplete sample transfer)



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