User:Mary Mendoza/Notebook/CHEM 571 Experimental Biological Chemistry I/2012/10/16

PCR mutation

• In reference to the PCR Mutation protocol, 100 ng/μL of the primer was needed for the reaction. The weight of the primer in the provided container was 0.46 mg. A ratio of the weight over volume was equated to the required concentration of the primer:

0.46 mg = 0.46E6 ng

= of primer in water = 4600 μL of water

• There is limited space in the plastic container (1 mL). Instead of dissolving 0.46E6 ng of the primer in 4600 μL of water, the entire primer was dissolved in 1 mL water.
• Using M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, the volume taken from the solution of 0.46E6 ng in 1 mL of water was calculated to be 217.39 μL. This was transferred to a new tube and filled up with water to a total volume of 1 mL.

V₁ = = 217.39 μL of the dissolved primer in water

• The procedure listed in PCR Mutation protocol was strictly followed. After the addition of all reagents, the sample was placed in the thermocycler.

Continuation of Chemiluminescence

• The luminol prepared from the previous chemiluminescence laboratory period had a pH of 7 to 8. Reviewing a journal article of Xiaoyu, it was determined that the optimal pH of luminol was 12.5. As a result, it was decided to prepare a new solution of luminol at a pH of 10 to 11.
• A weight of .0112 g of luminol was added to 6 mL of water. The buffer composed of a direct addition of .0737 g of sodium carbonate and .4358 g of sodium bicarbonate.
• Using a pH meter, the electrode detected the pH at 8.73. As suggested by Dr. Hartings, a solution of sodium carbonate was made to increase the pH of the solution.
• Several adjustments were made in increasing the pH. A total weight of 1.91 g of sodium carbonate dissolved in 15 mL of water was added to the 6 mL solution of luminol. The final pH for luminol was 10.55.
• The molarity of sodium carbonate (MW 105.9784 g/mol) added was calculated:

× = × = = 1.20 M of sodium carbonate

• The concentration of luminol has been diluted by the addition of 15 mL of water.

Molarity of diluted luminol = = 2.85714 mM of luminol

• Since there was limited amounts of the solid form of luminol, it was decided to take 6 mL of the 2.86 mM luminol stock solution and then add the appropriate amount of luminol to the 6 mL volume. The molarity of the 6 mL solution was very minute; the molarity was approximated as 2 mM. By making this assumption, .00106 g of luminol would make a 1 mM solution in 6 mL of water; this amount was multiplied by 8. The product was 0.00848 g of luminol was needed to be added into the 2 mM solution of luminol to increase the molarity to 10 mM. The amount was weighed and added to the 6 mL 2.86 mM solution of luminol.

• Due to time constraints, the chemiluminescence of the luminol at pH 10.55 was tested on a lab bench with the room lights turned off. The reaction produced a neon blue glow that lasted for more than 3 minutes. No photograph was taken since the apparatus of the camera was not suited for the fluorescence activity.

• The volume of each reagent added to the cuvette are listed below.