WUSM Microbes and Pathogenesis Wiki: Adenovirus Group 9: Difference between revisions
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==Encounter (Rachel)== | ==Encounter (Rachel)== | ||
[[Image:Figure_1_adenovirus.jpg]] | [[Image:Figure_1_adenovirus.jpg]] | ||
Adenovirus is most frequently seen as a mild, self-limiting infection in young children, but adults can also be infected. Outbreaks most commonly occur in '''crowded institutions''' such as in daycares and among military recruits. Adenovirus outbreaks often arise between late winter and early summer, and typically present as an '''upper respiratory tract infection''', although virus can present itself in a variety of ways. | Adenovirus is most frequently seen as a mild, self-limiting infection in young children, but adults can also be infected. Outbreaks most commonly occur in '''crowded institutions''' such as in daycares and among military recruits. Adenovirus outbreaks often arise between late winter and early summer, and typically present as an '''upper respiratory tract infection''', although virus can present itself in a variety of ways. | ||
===Transmission:=== | ===Transmission:=== | ||
Revision as of 15:08, 22 February 2010
Spring of 2010
Adenovirus
Encounter (Rachel)
Adenovirus is most frequently seen as a mild, self-limiting infection in young children, but adults can also be infected. Outbreaks most commonly occur in crowded institutions such as in daycares and among military recruits. Adenovirus outbreaks often arise between late winter and early summer, and typically present as an upper respiratory tract infection, although virus can present itself in a variety of ways.
Transmission:
Adenovirus can be transmitted
- directly, through body surface-to-body surface contact.
- indirectly through contact with a contaminated intermediate object or in contaminated water.
- in droplets (droplets traveling < 3 ft).
Virus is present in the respiratory system (droplet transmission) and the gastrointestitinal tract (fecal-oral transmission).
- Unique modes of direct transmission:
- At birth, neonates can become infected by cervical secretions from an infected mother who has a severe infection.
- Recipients of kidney and liver transplants can be infected with adenovirus from healthy donors, suggesting that these two organs can harbor latent virus.
Preventing the encounter:
Adenovirus is resistant to lipid disinfectants because the virion is unenveloped. The virus is, however, sensitive to heat, formaldehyde, and bleach.
Entry (Laura)
Adenovirus enters the host cell by two coordinated mechanisms. First, the virus adheres to the host cell by binding of adenovirus fiber protein to the host cell receptor. The fiber protein contains three domains: an N-terminal tail that interacts with the penton base, a central shaft domain, and a C-terminal globular domain. Host cell surface receptors include CD46 and CAR (Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor). CD46 acts as the receptor for the group B human adenovirus serotypes, while CAR is the receptor for all other known serotypes. MHC molecules and sialic acid residues may also contribute to adherence.
After initial binding, a motif in the adenovirus penton base protein interacts with an αv integrin co-receptor on the host cell surface. Attachment to the αv integrin induces actin polymerization, resulting in endocytosis of adenovirus into the host cell via clathrin-coated pits. The virus then escapes from the endosome and enters the nuclear pore complex. Viral DNA is then transported to the nucleus, where gene expression, viral replication and assembly can occur.
Wu and Nemerow (2004). “Virus yoga: the role of flexibility in virus host cell recognition”. Trends Microbiology 12: 162-168.
