6.021/Notes/2006-10-02

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Does simple 4-state model explain characteristics of glucose transport?

  • Facilitated (faster than diffusion)
    • Enzyme (carrier) binds to solute better than solute dissolves in membrane
  • Structure specific
    • Different binding constants K for different solutes
  • Passive: flow only down concentration gradient
    • \phi_s=(\phi_s)_{max} \frac{K}{(K+c_s^i)(K+c_s^o)}(c_s^i-c_s^o)
    • So φs > 0 only if c_s^i > c_s^o
  • Transport saturates
    • only finite/fixed number of carrier proteins
    • For low concentrations, predicts Fick's law
    • \phi_s=\frac{(\phi_s)_{max}}{K}(c_s^i-c_s^o) for small c_s^i, c_s^o
  • Transport can be inhibited
    • can have active transport by addition of another solute
    • for example, adding glucose can change direction of sorbose transport to go against the sorbose gradient
    • 4 state model only deals with 1 solute
    • can extend to 6 state model to deal with 2 solutes
    • 4 inputs: c_s^i,c_s^i,c_r^i,c_r^i and 2 outputs: φs,φr
    • same solution for flux φs as before except instead of K have K_{eff}=K_s(1+\frac{c^o_r}{k_r}) for inward flux
    • can have a different K_{eff}=K_s(1+\frac{c^i_r}{k_r}) for outward flux
    • 6 state model is active if φs > 0 when c^o_s \ge c_s^i
    • This occurs when \frac{K_r+c^o_r}{K_r+c^i_r} > \frac{c_s^o}{c_s^i} \ge 1
    • This is called secondary active transport where concentration gradient of one solute drives the flux of another solute up concentration gradient.
  • Pharmacology (drugs)
    • modify 6 state model with inhibitors
    • competitive inhibitor changes Keff but does not change the maximum flux
    • non-competitive inhibitor lowers the maximum flux but leaves K unchanged
  • Hormonal control (insulin)
    • Causes more transporters to be delivered to the membrane
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