Alex J. George Week 6
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Env Gene Article
Adaptation in the env Gene of HIV-1 and Evolutionary Theories of Disease Progression - S. Williamson
Introduction
- HIV symptoms- after initial infection, long period of no symptoms follows during which CD4 T-cells decline
- After the immune system can't contain viral replication, HIV progresses to AIDS
- Many hypotheses suggest adaptation leads to pathogenicity
- Characterizing rate and pattern of adaptation, removing misleading neutral mutations
- "Env" gene codes for envelope glycoprotein gp160, which is precursor for gp41 and gp120
- Focuses on region of "env" that gives rise to gp120--embedded in lipid membrane, responsible for host cell receptor binding site; divided into 5 regions (V1-V5)
- Contains sites for antibodies, and two T lymphocytes
Results/Discussion
- V1-V2 region has highest adaptation rates- once every 2.5 months- but are only from perinatally infected children
- V3 region- one adaptive event per 5.9 months
- V4-V5- every 12.2 months
- Adaptive event occurs every 45 days in whole gene
- Generation time of HIV-1: 1.2-2.6 days
- Therefore, 1 adaptive event every 25 generations-- fastest rate in single protein-coding gene
- Slow progressors= progression time to AIDS over 7 years; Moderate progressors= between 5-7 years
- Adaptive events in slow progressors significantly higher than moderate
- Viral adaptation in C2-V5 region is related to disease duration
Methods
- We have run a multiple sequence alignment for Groups 1 and 2 separately to find the base pairs in which these subjects are similar
- We then compared these same sequences between Groups 1 and 2 to find the base pair differences that are constant in Group 1 but are a different constant in Group 2
Individual Journals
- No Week 1 Journal
- Alex J. George Week 2
- Alex J. George Week 3
- Alex J. George Week 4
- Alex J. George Week 5
- Alex J. George Week 6
- Alex J. George Week 7
- Alex J. George Week 8
- Alex J. George Week 9
- Alex J. George Week 10
- Alex J. George Week 11
- Alex J. George Week 12
- Alex J. George Week 13