BME100 f2014:Group17 L4

BME 100 Fall 2014	Home People Lab Write-Up 1 | Lab Write-Up 2 | Lab Write-Up 3 Lab Write-Up 4 | Lab Write-Up 5 | Lab Write-Up 6 Course Logistics For Instructors Photos Wiki Editing Help
OUR TEAM Name: Nermin Elsharawy Name: Maribel Hernandez Name: Lauren Britton Name: Aron Lopez-Jimenez Name: Talal Al-zouman Name: Measho Habtemichael LAB 4 WRITE-UP Protocol Materials Lab Coat Gloves Micro-pipettor PCR Reaction Mix (8 tubes) DNA/Primer Mix (8 tubes) Empty PCR Tubes Disposable Pipette Tips Cup for Discarded Tips Open PCR Machine PCR Reaction Sample List Tube Label PCR Reaction Sample Patient ID G# + Positive control none G# - Negative control none G# 1-1 Patient 1, replicate 1 21861 G# 1-2 Patient 1, replicate 2 21861 G# 1-3 Patient 1, replicate 3 21861 G# 2-1 Patient 2, replicate 1 25386 G# 2-2 Patient 2, replicate 2 25386 G# 2-3 Patient 2, replicate 3 25386 DNA Sample Set-up Procedure Set the volume of PCR reaction mix Place the tip on the micro piper Pick up the PCR solution and input it in each PCR test tube Place the test tubes inside of the open PCR Set the OpenPCR program with given values Start the program Wait for about 2 hours for the program to finish OpenPCR program Values to Input in the Program Heated Lid: 100ºC Initial Setup: 95ºC for 2 minutes Number of Cycles: 35 Denature: 95ºC for 30 seconds Anneal: 57ºC for 30 seconds Extend: 72ºC for 30 seconds Final: 72ºC for 2 minutes Final Hold 4ºC Screenshot of what is displayed on computer monitor during the PCR cycles, the OpenPCR program displayes cycles completed, temperature as well as time remaining for the total number of cycles. Research and Development PCR - The Underlying Technology PCR technology amplifies a single copy of DNA into thousands or billions of copies. Open PCR does this through repeated cycles of heating and cooling which separates the double helix into single strands. By initially heating the DNA the hydrogen bonds are broken, allowing for two separate single strands to be formed. Generally, PCR is used to replicate a portion of DNA (DNA template), rather than an entire genome. This technology is important in the medical field as it can help to identify disease or learn how to treat diseases; more specifically it is used in human diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and scientific research. Template DNA, primers, taq polymerase, and deoxyribonucleotides (base pairs) are the basic components necessary to complete an OpenPCR cycle. The primer is an important part of the polymerase chain reaction. Primers are short portions of the DNA sequence, they bind to certain areas of the single strands of DNA during the PCR process. Taq polymerase binds to the primers at the parts to be copied during higher cycle temperatures; it then adds nucleotides to the single strands. The image above shows the Taq polymerase in blue attached to the primers on the two single strands (image screenshot from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KoLnIwoZKU). The neucleotides complete the second strand of DNA, as well as the first cycle in the OpenPCR. The process is repeated for the programmed number of cycles. It is important to note that the four bases are paired together, each base needs to have its corresponding base on the second strand of DNA (GC and AT). PCR can replicate DNA faster than cancer cells are capable of completing the same process (https://askabiologist.asu.edu/pcr-polymerase-chain-reaction). If the sequence of DNA selected to be replicated has a mutation (cancer) the replicated DNA would also be mutated.